For some IF statements, we use compound conditions (two or more). Given that you had an IF statement where both X and Y had to be true, which of the following will give you a result of true?

• X=T, Y=F

• X=T, Y=T

• X=F, Y=T

• X=F, Y=F

Answer explanation

Only if both X and Y are true will you get a result of true.

A good tool is a "truth table" were you write out the possible X and Y combinations and their results. Note that the "^" symbol means "and". The "v" symbol means "or".

You can also have a "not" operator (sometimes represented with a "!" or "~" symbol) which negates the result, so true becomes false, etc.

Software repositories like Git act as ​ (a)   systems, making sure only one person has access to a file at a time.

• version control
• file control
• vault
• queueing

Answer explanation

Version control makes sure only one person has access to a file at a time, preventing accidental overwrites.

It can also help with software version releases and archiving by keeping separate versions available.

Variables act like named memory locations in your computer. When is a variable created?

• When designed

• When tested

• When called

• When instantiated (declared)

Answer explanation

Variables (objects) are created in the computer when they are declared (or instantiated).

The following all create variables or objects:

int x = -5

y = 14.8

my_list = [one, two, three]

m = n = "Hello"

These do not:

int z

float price, quantity

because they are never assigned values. If you try to use them you will get an error:

int x = z

for example.

What is a step-by-step English description of a task called?

• Algorithm

• List

• Flowchart

• Goal

Answer explanation

An English step-by-step description of a task is an algorithm.

Not to be confused with a flowchart (a visual representation of the flow of a program) or psuedocode (generic code-like steps for an algorithm or flowchart).

If you want to re-use a chunk of code to compute and return a result, what should you use?

• Function

• Loop

• Branch

• Block

Answer explanation

Code that is to be re-used should be put into a function, (also known as a method) which allows you to "call" it from anywhere in your code.

Functions usually return a value, but do not have to. Functions inside classes or associated with objects are usually referred to as methods of the class/object.

In some languages you will also see the term procedure, which usually means a function (or method) that does not return a value, but may alter the variables passed to it. Many programmers use all of these terms interchangeably.

Testing a condition to determine which block of code to execute is known as

(a)   .

• itemizing
• looping
• branching
• sorting

Answer explanation

In a class diagram, the bottom row is always the class methods (functions).

What is a simple way of adding strings together (catenating or concatenating strings)?

• Using the "+" sign

• Using several " marks

• Usings a built-in function

• You cannot add strings together

Answer explanation

A simple way of adding strings together is to use the "+" sign.

"Hello" + "World" results in "HelloWorld"

"Hello" + " " + "World" results in "Hello World".

You can also use string variables.

String my_string = "World!"

"Hello" + " " + my_string results in "Hello World!"

Note the use of " " to add spaces!

Scenario: a program is used by a technician to test part sizes and reject ones that are too large or too small. What line of code in the diagram to the left represents a conditional control structure?

• Line 5

• Line 7

• Line 2

• Line 10

Answer explanation

Of the choices listed, only line 5 is a conditional control structure (IF).

Line 3 would also qualify (WHILE).

Who is most likely to use the code on the left?

• Customer

• Manager

• Technician

• Programmer

Answer explanation

The end users for this code is most likely a technician, as it is for testing parts.

A customer or manager is unlikely to use the code.

A programmer would produce the code, but not be an end user.

Match the following

• Sees the results of a program

• End user

• Creates the look and feel of a program

• Tester

• Develops the code for a program

• Programmer

• Tests the code to verify it meets the project deliverables

• Manager

• Makes sure a project is on time and on budget

• Designer