CRMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 & 2

Research is:

• is a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions on relations involving natural phenomena

• systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

• involves scholarly process of search and re-search for it involves an oft-repeated and exhaustive scientific observation, investigation, and experimentation on a subject

• any of these

This is a characteristic of research which emphasizes that research should be based on direct observation and that the research has been conducted following rigorous scientific methods and procedures.

• empirical

• logical

• analytical

• critical

The design and procedures of a study can be replicated or repeated to arrive at a more conclusive result. The statement is:

• correct

• incorrect

• vague

• doubtful

Refers to the significant difference or relationship between the variables of your studies.

• measurement

• hypothesis

• research design

• any of these

Dr. Willie Depositario (1990) of UPLB summarized the research process into mnemonic device consisting of four Fs, which put emphasis on the importance of facts in science. In which stage does the researcher organizes and analyzes the collected data with the use of appropriate statistical tools to come up with answers to the research questions?

• focus facts

• find facts

• filter facts

• finalize facts

Based on the major approaches to research ethics, follows the principle of relativity in which ethical standards are considered not universal but are related to one’s particular belief, culture, time and even individual persuasion?

• deontological approach

• ethical skepticism

• utilitarianism

• none of these

Fraud and misconduct in research consist of the following deviations from truthfulness, except:  

• Fabricating data

• Data trimming

• Data cooking

• none of these

Knowingly stealing someone else’s published work and presenting it without attribution to source. 

• data cooking

• massaging of data

• plagiarism

• any of these

A researcher CANNOT get information AGAINST the respondent’s will, especially for sensitive questions. The statement is:

• correct

• incorrect

• vague

• doubtful

The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends that researchers:

• tell prospective subjects what they will experience so they can give informed consent to participate

• instruct subjects that they may withdraw from the study at any time

• minimize all harm and discomfort

• all of these