Final Exam Review

Around 1900, European nations built up their military forces, formed alliances, and expanded their colonial holdings in their efforts to

• force their enemies to start wars.

• maintain a balance of power.

• end the spirit of militarism.

• put a conscription system (or a draft) in place.

What was the main reason imperial nations built large naval forces?

• to initiate sea-based attacks on other nations

• to support nearby merchants

• to resist attacks on their harbors

• to protect their economic interests

What was one economic factor that helped support industrialization in England?

• Many workers were eager for jobs.

• Wealthy landowners increased crop production.

• England had large deposits of iron.

• British artisans produced many goods at home.

The Latin American revolutions from 1804 to 1821 were

• unsuccessful and left strong conservative governments in place.

• unsuccessful and left strong liberal governments in place.

• successful and had different styles of government in the various countries

• successful and had similar styles of government in the various countries.

After the American Revolution, why did France view the United States as a model nation?

• The United States established a representative democracy.

• The United States embraced its colonial rulers.

• The United States published the idea of checks and balances.

• The United States ended government-mandated social classes.

Which best explains why Britain restricted trade with the colonies?

• to restrict access to Britain’s goods as punishment

• to ensure that trade generated taxes for the Crown

• to inhibit the distribution of colonial goods—and colonial income

• to make sure that Britain received the colonies’ best exports

An important philosophical idea during the Enlightenment was that

• the wealthy should give all of their money to the working poor.

• monarchs should be granted a “divine right” to rule over their people.

• ordinary people should be able to pursue greater opportunities.

• the Catholic Church should exercise absolute rule over Europe.

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Scientific Revolution?

• The Church tested new theories to prove or disprove them.

• The Church embraced new discoveries as signs from God.

• The Church supported the work of some scientists but not others.

• The Church persecuted scientists who challenged religious teachings

One of Galileo’s contributions to science was

• creating the coordinate plane system.

• developing the scientific method.

• inventing the astrolabe.

• improving the telescope

The Third Estate included approximately ninety-eight percent of the French population under the Old Regime. Which group was exclusively part of this estate? 

• parish priests of common descent

• peasants

• impoverished nobility

• landowners