S.S CA

Describe humanism.  How was it important during the Renaissance?

• positive: More goods could be produced cheaper than before. More jobs were created. The standard of living increased.

  Negative: Widespread pollution.  Long work hours. Child labor common.  Cities were overcrowded and dirty.

• A small, triangular-sailed oceangoing ship built by the Portuguese.  The design allowed explorers to travel far from land and carry several tons of cargo during voyages.

• The study of history and philosophy and other non-religious subjects.  It was important during the Renaissance because  humanism  focused on individual accomplishment rather than religion.

• The Black Death led to the death of 1/3 of Europe's population.  As a result, there was a labor shortage. Therefore, serfs and peasants could demand high pay for their labor. As a result of the Black Death, the feudal system ended.

Describe the sweeping changes brought to Europe as a result of the Crusades.

• Economic instability lead to a rise in new, fascist leaders throughout Europe.

  Russia experienced a revolution and, as a result, became the  communist Soviet Union

  The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to disarm, pay funds to European countries, accept blame, and give land to other European nations.

• Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire because of Jesus and his followers traveling throughout the Roman Empire. In 312 AD, the Roman Emperor, Constantine, converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the empire.

• A religious movement calling for reform to the Catholic church.  It led to the emergence of Protestant  churches.  This movement was led by a monk named  Martin Luther.

• Opened a trade route between Europe and Asia.  New medicines, technology, sciences, and clothing were introduced to Europe.  Europeans lost interest in the Holy Land and became interested in exploration.  Overall, the quality of life increased in Europe.  

What occurred during the Reformation?  Who was responsible for leading the Reformation?

• A religious movement calling for reform to the Catholic church.  It led to the emergence of Protestant  churches.  This movement was led by a monk named  Martin Luther.

• A small, triangular-sailed oceangoing ship built by the Portuguese.  The design allowed explorers to travel far from land and carry several tons of cargo during voyages.

• Greek/Athenian Democracy influenced the U.S. government by promoted the idea of citizen participation in the day-to­-day affairs of the government.  Citizens can vote on some decisions and laws.

  The Roman Republic influenced the U.S. government by introducing the idea of representative  democracy where citizens elected officials to make decisions for them.  This prevented one individual from becoming too powerful.

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During the Scientific Revolution, people used ​LOGIC in observations and experiments.​

• true

• false

Describe the caravel.  How did it help Europeans reach new lands?

• A small, triangular-sailed oceangoing ship built by the Portuguese.  The design allowed explorers to travel far from land and carry several tons of cargo during voyages.

• In the feudal system, nobles provided land to knights and treated  them  fairly. In exchange  for land, knights  provided military service and housing to nobles when they visited.

• Rome was ruled by a series of bad emperors  who cared little for the  people of Rome

  Heavy taxation led to extreme  poverty throughout the empire.   Many citizens became disloyal to Rome and left for other lands.

  A series of barbarian invasions weakened  Rome's defenses.

  The military had poor leadership.  Military leaders started  fighting amongst themselves.

• Gutenberg invented  the movable type  printing press. Copies of books  were made  much faster and, as a result, more people learned to read and write.

What are the rights and responsibilities of knights and nobles in the feudal system?

• In the feudal system, nobles provided land to knights and treated  them  fairly. In exchange  for land, knights  provided military service and housing to nobles when they visited.

• Aqueducts provided a source of fresh drinking water, irrigation purposes, and to flood the Colosseum for naval battles.

• The Colosseum could hold up to 50,000 spectators.  The arena had a complex system of elevators and channels that allowed the floor to flood for naval battles.

• The road system allowed for easy travel throughout the empire, movement of legions, and increased trade between regions. 

Describe multiple events that led to the decline of the Roman Empire:

• The Black Death led to the death of 1/3 of Europe's population.  As a result, there was a labor shortage. Therefore, serfs and peasants could demand high pay for their labor. As a result of the Black Death, the feudal system ended.

• ----

• Rome was ruled by a series of bad emperors  who cared little for the  people of Rome

  Heavy taxation led to extreme  poverty throughout the empire.   Many citizens became disloyal to Rome and left for other lands.

  A series of barbarian invasions weakened  Rome's defenses.

  The military had poor leadership.  Military leaders started  fighting amongst themselves.

• The road system allowed for easy travel throughout the empire, movement of legions, and increased trade between regions. 

Describe Hellenistic culture.  Who was responsible to spreading it throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe?

• The EU promotes economic cooperation throughout Europe. The European Union tries to create a common economy by promoting free trade and use of a common currency.

• Nationalism is devotion or loyalty to one's country.  Nationalism led to intense  competition and hostility among  the nations of Europe.

• Hellenistic, or Greek-like culture is the blending of Greek culture with that of foreign cultures.  Alexander the Great was responsible  for Hellenistic culture as he conquered land in Africa, Asia, and Europe.

• Gutenberg invented  the movable type  printing press. Copies of books  were made  much faster and, as a result, more people learned to read and write.

       Define nationalism.  How did it lead to World War I breaking out in Europe?

• Nationalism is devotion or loyalty to one's country.  Nationalism led to intense  competition and hostility among  the nations of Europe.

• Positive: More goods could be produced cheaper than before. More jobs were created. The standard of living increased.

  Negative: Widespread pollution.  Long work hours. Child labor common.  Cities were overcrowded and dirty.

• Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire because of Jesus and his followers traveling throughout the Roman Empire. In 312 AD, the Roman Emperor, Constantine, converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the empire.

• Gutenberg invented  the movable type  printing press. Copies of books  were made  much faster and, as a result, more people learned to read and write.

       How did Johann Gutenberg help spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe?

• ---

• Rome was ruled by a series of bad emperors  who cared little for the  people of Rome

  Heavy taxation led to extreme  poverty throughout the empire.   Many citizens became disloyal to Rome and left for other lands.

  A series of barbarian invasions weakened  Rome's defenses.

  The military had poor leadership.  Military leaders started  fighting amongst themselves.

• Gutenberg invented  the movable type  printing press. Copies of books  were made  much faster and, as a result, more people learned to read and write.

• Hellenistic, or Greek-like culture is the blending of Greek culture with that of foreign cultures.  Alexander the Great was responsible  for Hellenistic culture as he conquered land in Africa, Asia, and Europe.