Unit 10: The Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Believed in natural laws and natural rights. The government was responsible for protecting them, if not, the people could overthrow.

• John Locke

• Charles I

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Wrote the book "The Social Contract." Believed people entered a social contract with their government to be ruled by the general will of the people.

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Jean Jaques Rousseau

Believed a limited government worked best. Wrote about the separation of powers into branches of government and checks and balances.

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Enlightenment English feminist thinker; argued that political rights and equality should be extended to women

• Catherine the Great

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Marie Curie

• John Stuart Mill

Believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion. Once said "I may disagree with what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

• Voltaire

• Thomas Jefferson

• Jean Jaques Rousseau

• Benjamin Franklin

The idea that separation of powers allows the three branches of government to limit and control each other

• Mutual accountability

• Checks and Balances

• Veto

• Mutual oversight

Age of Reason; a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine

• The Age of Discovery

• The Industrial Revolution

• The Enlightenment

• The Scientific Revolution

An educated person who uses reason to study life during the Enlightenment

• Historian

• Philosophe

• Scientist

• Politician

Laws that applied to everyone and could be understood through reason

• Natural Laws

• Constitutional Laws

• Statutory Laws

• Common Laws

Rights belonging to all humans from birth; rights of life, liberty, property

• Inalienable rights

• Humanitarian rights

• Natural Rights

• Civil liberties