1. DNA & RNA Structure & Process

What are the monomers of DNA?

• Amino Acid

• Nucleotide

• Triglyceride

• 1 Nitrogenous Base

Answer explanation

A ncleotide has three parts: a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and 1 nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, or cyosine).

What are the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA

Which of the following states the correct direction of both sides of the DNA molecule.

• 5' to 3'

  (5 prime to 3 prime)

• 3' to 3'

  (3 prime to 3 prime)

• 5' to 8'

  (5 prime to 8 prime)

True or False: Purines pair with Pyrimidines

(Hint: Thymine and Cytosine are Pyrimidines) ; Adenine and Guanine are Purines)

• True

• False

Why is DNA Replication called Semi-conservative?

• Because DNA turns into RNA

• Because half of the original strand is used to create a new strand

• DNA is not semi-conservative because nothing from the original strand is saved.

Answer explanation

Semi-Conservative means Partially saved. Half of the DNA strand is conserved (saved) to make a new strand.

Which enzyme unzips DNA?

• Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

• RNA Polymerase

• None of the above

Answer explanation

Helicase unzips the DNA

DNA Polymerase builds the New strands of DNA

RNA Polymerase builds RNA during Transcription

Which process describes the synthesis of messenger RNA from a strand of DNA.

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

Answer explanation

Transcription is the process of turning DNA into mRNA.

Translation is the process of turning mRNA into a chain of Amino Acids. With the help of tRNA and the Ribosome.

DNA Replication happens during Sphase of Interphase and doubles the DNA beofre the cell divides into two daughter cells.

What process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell (within the ribosome) and uses both mRNA and tRNA and rRNA to create a polypeptide (protein)

• DNA Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

Answer explanation

See the image of Translation to help you remember where Translation occurs and what molecules it involves

Which of the following sections of an mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule code for a protein?

• Introns

• Exons

Answer explanation

Exons code for proteins and introns do not. The introns need to be removed in order for mRNA to code for a protein.

• View the picture to see the strand of mRNA before it is ready to be translated and after.

What is a codon and what is it's purpose?

• A three nitrogen-base sequence that tells tRNA which amino acids to bring over

• A four nitrogen-base sequence that tells mRNA which amino acids to attache

• It is the enzyme that tells Ribosomes which Amino acid to attach.