Professional School Counselor Praxis Practice Test

What developmental theory describes an adolescent's ability to think abstractly?

• Cognitive Development

• Erikson's Theory of Development

• Social Cognitive Development

• Dynamic Systems Theory

According to the Social Cognitive Theory, to what does the term "perspective taking" refer to?

• Internalizing another person's situation

• Thinking cognitively about another person's situation

• Role Playing

• Thinking cognitively about your own situation

A 5 year old continues to attempt to play with children who openly ridicule him and leave him out of games. His persistence with this group of children has recently resulted in a number of fights on the playground. After being referred to your office, you learn that he has an unsupportive home life. His parents were divorced last year. He lives with his mother who works at night, and he does not see his father. He is often left at home alone; however, a neighbor watches him from time to time.

According to the Cognitive Behavior Theory, what developmental skills is this child lacking?

• Interpersonal skills

• Abstract thinking skills

• Concrete thinking skills

• Self-Identity

A 5 year old continues to attempt to play with children who openly ridicule him and leave him out of games. His persistence with this group of children has recently resulted in a number of fights on the playground. After being referred to your office, you learn that he has an unsupportive home life. His parents were divorced last year. He lives with his mother who works at night, and he does not see his father. He is often left at home alone; however, a neighbor watches him from time to time.

According to Pavlov's theory of development, what would you expect to occur in terms of the child's learning and behavior?

• Nothing, he would naturally continue to try to fit in

• The child would become conditioned to the negative response and avoid the situation

• The child would take cues from his social environment and act accordingly

• The child would grow out of this stage and soon make friends.

Which of the following would be a barrier to a child's mental development?

• Malnutrition

• An abusive home

• A lack of family support

• All of the above

When dealing with middle school students, it is important for a counselor to understand the developmental relationship between Industry and Inferiority. This is an example theory of development based on the work of what psychologist?

• Freud

• Piaget

• Erikson

• Bandura

According to Piaget, what is schema?

• Information that has been taught

• A universal view of the world

• An individuals' representation of something

• The visualization of a concept

Beginning around the age of 11, children can think in logical, abstract terms. As Piaget's theory of development, what stage does this represent?

• Formal operation

• Pre-operational

• Concrete operational

• Sensory-Motor

What is Bandura's main argument concerning behavior devleopment?

• Behavior and environment affect each other

• The ego is affected by the id and superego

• Genetics is the sole cause of behavior

• Behavior has no effect on the environment

According to Kohlber's theory of moral development, a student will follow school rules in order to avoid receiving detention. This is an example of what stage of moral development?

• Personal Reward

• Law and Order

• Good Boy-Nice Girl

• Punishment-Obedience