Migration in Africa

In the post-independence period, what were some of the factors that drove voluntary and forced migration in Africa?

• Voluntary - political instability. Forced - ethnic tensions.

• Voluntary - ethnic tensions. Forced - employment opportunities.

• Voluntary - economic prospects, Forced - civil wars, political instability.

• Voluntary - better wages. Forced - slavery as part of the Triangular Trade.

Which theory is reflected in African migration patterns during the colonial period?

• Neoclassical Migration Theory

• Historical-Structural Theory

• Dual Labor Market Theory

• Globalization Theory

In the 1945-73 period, what was a "push" factor that contributed to the huge volume of migration from Africa to Europe?

• Newly independent states asserting their sovereignty drove European settlers/minorities to emigrate.

• Spontaneous migration of African workers to Europe.

• Globalization.

• Recruitment-based migration of African workers to Europe.

In the 1989-2008 period, refugee migration increased due to a rise in civil wars. How does the aspirations-capabilities model describe refugee migration?

• Aspirations - low. Capabilities - low.

• Aspirations - high. Capabilities - high.

• Aspirations - high. Capabilities - low.

• Aspirations - low. Capabilities - high.

What are some features of the Chinese-African migration pattern?

• China recruits African students to increase its soft power and revenue.

• Chinese migrants in Africa typically work in the infrastructure industry.

• Most African migrants in China come from Nigeria. Other origin countries include Senegal, South Africa and Cameroon.

• All of the above.

The 1973-2008 period was characterized by the entry of Asia onto the global migration stage. Many predict the next period of migration to become the "Age of African Migration". What is one factor behind this?

• Better jobs and wages are on offer outside of Africa.

• Civil war in Africa has decreased since the early post-independence period.

• Globalisation and increasing levels of development are enabling more and more Africans to migrate.

• Many African migrants are overstaying their visas in host countries.