Life and Works of Rizal - Introduction

He became the subject of a political controversy that pitted the Philippines state against the Roman Catholic church over the issue of including this national hero's life and works in the curricula of public and private schools, colleges, and universities.

A piece of landmark legislation that brought literature and nationalism together in the state's attempt to decolonize the "culture" of the Philippines.

A piece of landmark legislation that brought literature and nationalism together in the state's attempt to decolonize the "culture" of the Philippines.

These two novels of Jose Rizal acclaimed as "a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during the formative years suffused."

(A, B)

This bill suggested that the heroes for "shaping the national character."

To occupy a mediating position between the "universal" ideals of freedom and nationalism, on the one hand, and their realization within a specifically Philippine context, on the other hand it assumed a mediating function precisely because it served as artifactual concrete example of a "Filipino culture" that was conceived as the sum of all total products of a society's creative labor and aspirations. This answered was offered by the?

This was cemented through the paradoxical notion that literary works both embodied culture and helped create that culture

In essence, the state claimed that this thing between the universal ideals and their particular embodiments, and provided the crucial, institutional relay between them.

In doing so, it imputed the nation's origin, and its own justification for existence as a state, to the ______ of nationalism

It established nationalism's origins in literature at the same moment that it claimed to regulate literature in the name of the nation.