#1 Classify these migrations (two labels for each migration)

Juan is a farmer living in a small rural village in Colombia. Due to armed conflict between the government and rebel groups in his region, he decides to leave his home and seek refuge in the capital city, Bogotá, hoping to find safety and stability.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Amina is a young woman living in a rural village in northern Nigeria. She decides to move to Lagos, the country's largest city, in search of better job opportunities and a higher standard of living.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Novem Man, a midwife in Hong Kong, decides to migrate to Melbourne, Australia. Concerned about the shrinking freedoms and political uncertainties in Hong Kong, Novem believes that she can build a brighter future for her loved ones in a more open and democratic society.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Maksim Zlobov, a former Moscow policeman, attended an anti-war rally in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. He was arrested and turned in his badge. In April, a new law was passed in Russia, making it more difficult to avoid conscription. Unwilling to participate in a war he opposed, Maksim made the difficult decision to flee to Georgia.

• Forced migration

• Rural to urban migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Abdul Wasi Safi was a young officer in Afghanistan's special forces, working alongside U.S. troops to fight the Taliban. When the U.S. suddenly left the country, the Taliban took control and began targeting those who had helped the Americans. Fearing for his life, Wasi made the difficult decision to flee. He travelled for a year, finally reaching United States, where he applied for the right to stay in the country.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Luca, a member of the LGBTQ+ community, lives in a small town in Italy where social acceptance and support for LGBTQ+ individuals is limited. Motivated by the desire for greater acceptance and opportunities for personal growth, Luca decides to move to Milan, a cosmopolitan city with a reputation for diversity and progressive values.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Ahmet Kaya survived the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, but like many residents of Antakya, a city in southern Turkey, he lost his home and was forced to stay with relatives in the city of Izmir, in western Turkey.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration

Christina, a teacher from a small town in southern Mexico, lost her job when an earthquake destroyed her school. Determined to create a better life, she decided to immigrate to the United States. After saving money from odd jobs, Christina traveled to Tijuana, near the Mexican-US border. Despite several failed attempts to cross the border illegally, she eventually succeeded with the help of a smuggler. In San Diego County, Christina found work as a live-in housekeeper and nanny, earning more than she would have as a teacher in Mexico.

• Forced migration

• Voluntary migration

• Internal migration

• International migration