Topic 3 and 4 Revision Set

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

• Unwinding the DNA helix
• Synthesizing new DNA strands
• Initiating transcription
• Translating mRNA sequences

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes

What is the purpose of electrophoresis in molecular biology?

• Amplifying DNA fragments
• Separating DNA fragments
• Transcribing mRNA
• Translating proteins

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• Carries amino acids to ribosomes
• Transcribes DNA to mRNA
• Unwinds DNA strands
• Synthesizes new DNA strands

How does DNA methylation affect gene expression?

• Activates gene transcription
• Blocks gene transcription
• Enhances translation
• Repairs DNA damage

What is the function of an exon in eukaryotic genes?

• Regulatory element
• Coding sequence
• Non-coding RNA molecule
• Initiation factor for translation

Which process allows for the amplification of specific DNA segments?

• DNA methylation
• Transcription
• Translation
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

What determines the primary structure of a protein?

• Sequence of amino acids
• Folding into a three-dimensional structure
• Post-translational modifications
• Interaction with other proteins

Why is the three-dimensional shape of a protein important for its function?

• Determines the genetic code
• Affects transcription
• Provides stability
• Enables protein synthesis

What can be determined from an electropherogram?

• Protein structure
• DNA sequence information
• RNA expression levels
• Enzyme activity