LOg321_Chapter 8

capability

low rates

long transit times with "storage in transit"

accessibility

high capital cost

The procedural requirements for entry

Significant economies of scale in investment and operation

All of the above

pipelines

Canadian and foreign owned water carriers

railroads

motor carriers

Intramodal competition is intense, while intermodal competition is moderate.

Intramodal competition is moderate, while intermodal competition is intense.

Intramodal competition is intense, and intermodal competition is also intense

Intramodal competition is moderate, and intermodal competition is also moderate.

company-owned and exempt carriers

for hire and private carriers

exempt and private carriers

exempt carriers

automobiles and construction machinery

large, bulky and oversized shipments

basic raw materials

inventory items

To accommodate larger loads carried by rail or motor carrier vehicles

To handle the transfer of freight from one mode to another

To promote the efficiency of intermodal transportation

To temporarily store cargo until it can be effectively handled by barge or ship

Depreciation and amortization

Administrative salaries and wages

Fuel costs, line-operating costs, and maintenance

Legal and professional fees

Primarily operated as private carriers on a not-for-hire basis

Primarily operated as private carriers on a for-hire basis

Primarily operated as common carriers on a for-hire basis

Primarily operated as common carriers on a not for-hire basis

Standard Oil Case

Alaska North Slope Case

Champlin Oil Case

Hepburn Case