Young Athletes

1. Despite __X__, they managed to __Y__. What parts of speech should X and Y be?

• A. X = Noun 名詞; Y = Noun
• B. X = SV; Y = Verb 動詞
• C. X = Noun; Y = Verb
• D. X = Verb; Y = Noun

2. Despite __X__, she managed to __Y__. Which choice fits grammatically?

• A. X = She had three knee surgeries; Y = recovered and participated in the next Olympics.
• B. X = having started late; Y = she was able to win a gold medal.
• C. X = three knee surgeries; Y = recover and participate in the following Olympics.

3. Because of __X__, he paved the way for __Y__. What parts of speech should X and Y be?

• A. X = Noun 名詞; Y = Noun
• B. X = SV; Y = SV
• C. X = Noun; Y = SV
• D. X = SV; Y = Noun

4. Because of __X__, they paved the way for __Y__. What parts of speech should X and Y be?

• A. X = their coach had much knowledge; Y = They won a gold medal
• B. X = their excellent training; Y = future athletes from their country.
• C. X = their excellent coaching; Y = They won a gold medal
• D. X = their coach had much experience; Y = future athletes from their country to win gold.

5. Despite __X__, she managed to __Y__. What does this mean?

• A. X worked against Y, but Y happened anyway.
• B. X happened first and it caused Y result

6. Because of __X__, she paved the way for __Y__. What is the relationship between X and Y?

• A. X = Effect; Y = Cause
• B. X = Cause; Y = Effect

7. Because of __X__, they paved the way for __Y__. What phrases best in fit in X and Y?

• A. X = their team won three championships; Y = their hard work and practice
• B. X = their hard work and practice; Y = their team to win three championships

8. Despite __X__, they managed to __Y__. Which of the following does not have a similar meaning "to work against / despite"?

• In spite of
• In the face of
• Notwithstanding
• Thanks to

9. Which of these prepositional phrases 前置詞句 does NOT introduce a Cause?

• Due to
• Thanks to
• As a result of
• Because of
• Next to

10. Put this info in the blanks below: Difficulties / injuries: hamstring injuries, required knee surgery in 2013 Records: Highest scoring soccer player for a single club (total 790 goals) Notwithstanding ____X_____, Messi has the record for _____________Y______________.

• A) X = his injuries and knee surgery in 2013; Y = the highest scoring soccer player for a single club.
• B) X = he injured his hamstring and required knee surgery in 2013; Y = scored higher than any other soccer player.
• C) X = the highest scoring soccer player for a single club; Y = his injuries and knee surgery in 2013