L&M Week14

Jason is learning to play the guitar and has been practicing chords for the past few weeks. However, he recently started learning piano as well. He notices that sometimes he confuses the finger positions between the two instruments. What source of forgetting is affecting Jason's performance?

• Degree of learning

• Prior learning

• Subsequent learning

• Change in context

The generation effect refers to the phenomenon where actively generating or producing information leads to better memory. What does it involve?

• Creating visual images for the information

• Organizing the information in a hierarchical structure

• Actively recalling the information from memory

• Relating the information to personal experiences

Sarah is studying for her biology final exam. She had previously studied and memorized the anatomy of the human respiratory system. However, when she starts learning about the circulatory system, she finds it difficult to recall the respiratory system details. What type of interference is Sarah experiencing?

• Proactive interference

• Retroactive interference

• Retrograde interference

• Disruptive interference

Based on the productivity pyramid (Smith, 1994), what is the purpose of intermediate goals?

• To provide a foundation of core values and principles

• To break down long-range goals into smaller, measurable targets

• To prioritize daily tasks based on immediate importance

• To guide individuals or organizations in establishing a clear vision

Which property of goals relates to the time frame or deadline associated with a goal?

• Specificity

• Proximity

• Difficulty

• Persistence

Which approach focuses on identifying and challenging irrational beliefs to improve performance?

• Self-talk

• Relaxation techniques

• Mindfulness practices

• Rational emotive therapy

Sarah has a pet dog, Max, who loves going for walks. Whenever Sarah picks up Max's leash, he gets excited and starts wagging his tail. Over time, Sarah noticed that Max starts wagging his tail even when she picks up her car keys before going for a walk. This is an example of:

• Shaping

• Extinction

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

In higher order conditioning, the original conditioned stimulus:

• Is paired with a neutral stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

• Becomes an unconditioned stimulus for a new conditioned stimulus.

• Is gradually extinguished over time.

• Leads to spontaneous recovery of the conditioned response.