Classical Conditioning

In classical conditioning, the UCR:

• happens after the CR

• is the response to the CS.

• is the response to the UCS

• triggers the US to occur.

Answer explanation

In classical conditioning, the Unconditioned Response (UCR) is the natural response to the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS). Therefore, the correct choice is that the UCR is the response to the UCS.

The conditioned stimulus (CS):

• is the response to the UCS.

• is originally the neutral stimulus that gains the power to cause the CR.

• triggers an unconditioned response reflexively or automatically when the CR happens.

• is what triggers the US to occur.

Answer explanation

The conditioned stimulus (CS) is initially a neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), acquires the ability to elicit a conditioned response (CR). This makes the correct choice the second option.

The conditioned response (CR) is the usually the same as the

• CS

• UCS

• UCR

• CR

Answer explanation

The conditioned response (CR) is typically the same as the unconditioned response (UCR) in classical conditioning. Both responses occur naturally without prior conditioning, making UCR the correct choice.

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

• clapping after a thrilling concert performance

• jumping rope

• 
  running through a maze to get a food reward

• sweating in hot weather

Answer explanation

An unconditioned response is an automatic reaction to a stimulus. Sweating in hot weather is a natural physiological response, while the other options involve learned behaviors or specific actions.

Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a bell, the bell was a(n)

• unconditioned stimulus

• neutral stimulus 

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned response

Answer explanation

Once Pavlov's dogs associated the sound of the bell with food, the bell became a conditioned stimulus, as it elicited a learned response (salivation) that was previously unconditioned.

Learning is defined as

• any behavior emitted by an organism without being elicited

• A relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience

• A changed in the behavior of the organism

• Behavior based on operant rather than respondent conditioning

Answer explanation

The correct choice defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience, highlighting the importance of experience in shaping behavior, unlike the other options which are less precise.

In the original Pavlov study, the unconditioned stimulus was

• salivation to meat

• meat

• bell

• salivation to bell

Answer explanation

In Pavlov's study, the unconditioned stimulus is the meat, which naturally triggers salivation in dogs. The bell is a conditioned stimulus that, when paired with the meat, eventually elicits salivation.

The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response is

• Modeling 

• extinction

• A token economy 

• Cognitive learning
  

Answer explanation

The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response occurs through a process called extinction, where the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.