What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

• Running applications

• Managing hardware resources

• Providing a graphical user interface

• Enabling network connectivity

Which component of an operating system is responsible for managing memory?

• Kernel

• Shell

• Compiler

• Scheduler

What is the role of the scheduler in an operating system?

• Handling user input

• Managing I/O operations

• Allocating CPU time to processes

• Creating virtual machines

What is the purpose of a context switch in an operating system?

• To switch between user mode and kernel mode

• To transfer data between processes

• To save and restore the state of a process

• To allocate memory to processes

Which scheduling algorithm ensures that each process gets an equal amount of CPU time?

• Round-Robin

• First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

• Shortest Job Next (SJN)

• Priority-based

What is the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

• Preemptive scheduling can run multiple processes simultaneously, while non-preemptive cannot.

• Preemptive scheduling allows processes to voluntarily release the CPU, while non-preemptive does not.

• Preemptive scheduling can interrupt running processes, while non-preemptive cannot.

• Preemptive scheduling is used in real-time systems, while non-preemptive is used in general-purpose systems.

What is the key difference between a monolithic kernel and a microkernel?

• Monolithic kernel is more secure than a microkernel.

• Microkernel is smaller and less complex than a monolithic kernel.

• Monolithic kernel allows direct communication between kernel components.

• Microkernel provides better performance for multitasking.

What is the main advantage of using virtual memory in an operating system?

• Increased RAM capacity

• Faster access to secondary storage

• Better security for sensitive data

• The illusion of having more physical memory than actually available

What is a deadlock in an operating system?

• A state where a process is waiting for a resource held by another process, creating a circular chain of dependencies.

• A state where a process has no work to do and waits indefinitely.

• A situation where multiple processes are competing for CPU time.

• A state where a process is executing in kernel mode.

Which of the following is NOT a basic process state in the process life cycle?

• Running

• Ready

• Terminated

• Stopped