Selection and gradation in materials development

Among language components, which were two aspects that received primary attention and laid the foundations for developing materials in language-centered curriculums?

• Vocabulary and reading

• Grammar and vocabulary

• Reading and grammar

• Listening and reading

Regarding vocabulary selection, what refers to the applicability of an item in different contexts?

• Coverage

• Availability

• Frequency

• Range

Simple grammatical structures are easier to learn than the more complex ones. This refers to the term:

• Teachability

• Simplicity

• Learnability

• Centrality

Grouping and sequencing of teaching items in a syllabus. This is the definition of:

• Frequency

• Gradation

• Defining power

• Familiarity

The two questions to answer in sequencing, related to structure, are...

• Which structures follow which?

• What goes with what?

• Which items follow which?

• What fits into what?

Ways in which a course can be sequenced:

• linear

• modular

• cyclical

• matrix

Materials developers in these syllabuses are detached from the actual learners in the classroom:

• Learner-centered syllabuses

• Language-centered syllabuses

This syllabus is inherently adhered to the principles of communicative language teaching:

• Language-centered

• Learner-centered

Task difficulty is determined by the following factors:

• Learner factors

• Task factors

• Text factors

Motivation and linguistic knowledge are included in:

• Text factors

• Task factors

• Learner factors