What factor DID NOT enable the growth of European colonialism?

• Aggressive political action

• State decentralization

• The development of new seafaring and weapon technologies

• The threat of the growing Ottoman empire

• The desire to spread the Catholic religion

What was the name of the treaty that divided newfound lands between the Spanish and the Portuguese?

What was the primary motivation of Spanish explorers?

• The desire to convert Indigenous populations to Christianity

• The desire to acquire wealth and territories

• The desire to exterminate Indigenous populations

• The desire to expand their trade empire

True or False: The Mexicas, later known as the Aztecs, ruled over a larger population than that of Spain from their capital city, Tenochtitlan, which was larger than any European city at the time.

• True

• False

Which factor was most influential in allowing Europeans early attempts to colonize the Americas?

• Disease and drastic depopulation of the Americas

• Superior military technology

• Taking advantages of Indigenous rivalries

• Enslavement of Indigenous populations

Which disease is thought to be primarily responsible for the large population drop in the Americas?

What was the name of the land grants issued by the Spanish government to control the territory and exploit the labour of the Indigenous peoples?

In what ways did Indigenous people in the Americas react to European colonialism (4 answers)?

• They resisted by revolting and fighting back

• They paid taxes or gave free labour to the Europeans in exchange for better services

• They hid in remote areas or fled further west

• They embraced European ways, adopted their goods and practices and converted to Christianity

• They intermarried with Europeans

Which countries attempted to follow the Spanish model and establish colonies or trading centres in the Americas (4 answers)?

• France

• The Netherlands

• England

• Sweden

• Germany

What is the exchange of living things between the western and eastern hemispheres of the globe that started in 1492 called?