Vygotsky

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes that genuine learning occurs in the context of interactions with:

• Computers and technology

• Textbooks and written materials

• Smarter individuals

• Self-paced study guides

Which term refers to the cultural elements that act as intermediaries between individuals and their environment, aiding the internalization of cultural knowledge and customs?

• Cognitive tools

• Social scripts

• Cultural tools

• Learning artifacts

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept that highlights the:

• Range of skills a student has already mastered

• Zone where students can freely explore without guidance

• Range of skills a student can develop without assistance

• Area of complete independence from educational support

What does Vygotsky suggest should be done to bridge the gap between spontaneous and scientific learning?

• Discourage social interaction during learning

• Limit the use of cultural tools in education

• Incorporate structured instruction and social interaction

• Focus solely on spontaneous learning for better outcomes

Which type of learning involves the natural acquisition of knowledge through everyday experiences?

• Spontaneous learning

• Structured learning

• Directed learning

• Scientific learning

The process of pushing learners just beyond their comfort zone in education is related to which concept in Vygotsky's theory?

• Cognitive equilibrium

• Zoning development

• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

• Cognitive dissonance

What is the primary role of cultural tools in cognitive growth, as per Vygotsky's theory?

• They hinder the internalization of cultural information

• They serve as intermediaries between individuals and their environment

• They limit learners' exposure to different viewpoints

• They replace the need for social interaction in learning