Pupil identities and subcultures

1. What is a subculture?

• A group of people that adheres strictly to the norms and values of the parent culture
• A group of people within a culture that differentiates itself from the parent culture
• A group of people that challenges the norms and values of the parent culture
• A group of people within a subculture that strictly follows traditional values

2. What is symbolic capital?

• The financial assets of an individual or group
• The recognition and sense of worth students receive from others
• The intellectual achievements of students
• The authority and power held by students in a subculture

3. How is symbolic capital used in a negative way?

• By demonstrating superiority through values, beliefs, and attitudes
• By using it to help others in need
• By promoting positive values in a community
• By supporting the school's rules and regulations

4. What is the "Working Class Dilemma" in relation to achieving symbolic capital?

• It refers to the struggle working class pupils face to reject their working class identity
• It refers to the choice working class pupils have to make between rejecting their identity or achieving academic success
• It refers to the conflict between working class and middle class students for symbolic capital
• It refers to the challenge of achieving both symbolic and academic capital

5. What is the process of teachers categorizing pupils based on their ability, attitude, etc.?

• Stratification
• Polarisation
• Categorisation
• Differentiation

6. According to Mac An Ghaill's study, what are the characteristics of the academic achievers?

• They focus on subjects such as business and computing
• They focus on traditional academic subjects such as English and maths
• They reject the academic curriculum and prioritize economic success
• They prioritize socializing and extracurricular activities

7. What type of subculture is characterized by rejecting school values and disruptive behavior?

• The Academic Achievers
• The New Enterprisers
• The Pro School Subcultures
• The Anti School Subcultures

8. How does symbolic violence manifest in schools according to Archer's findings?

• Schools encourage students to embrace identities shaped by designer clothing
• Schools enforce strict dress codes to ensure equality among students
• Schools use forms of symbolic violence to discourage certain identities
• Schools reinforce ethnic minority identities through the curriculum

9. How do school environments influence students' self-identity and behaviors?

• School environments have no impact on students' self-identity
• Students align their ability with the type of school they attend
• Students form anti-school subcultures in high-performing schools
• Students in poor-performing schools develop pro-school subcultures

10. What impact does the ethnocentric curriculum have on students' identities?

• It promotes diversity and inclusion
• It reinforces gender stereotypes and excludes ethnic minorities
• It encourages students to explore a wide range of subjects
• It creates a balanced representation of cultures and ethnicities within the curriculum