Networks and Security: Quiz 7

The next category of network protocols is management protocols. Management protocols are used for monitoring and managing activity on a network. They include protocols for e_____ reporting and op___________ performance on the network.

sim_______ net_______ man_______ protocol (SNMP) is a network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network. SNMP can reset a password on a network device or change its baseline configuration. It can also send requests to network devices for a report on how much of the network’s bandwidth is being used up. In the TCP/IP model, SNMP occurs at the application layer.

int_______ con_______ mes_______ protocol (ICMP) is an internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network. ICMP is used by a receiving device to send a report to the sending device about the data transmission. ICMP is commonly used as a quick way to troubleshoot network connectivity and latency by issuing the “ping” command on a Linux operating system. In the TCP/IP model, ICMP occurs at the internet layer.

Security protocols are network protocols that ensure that data is sent and received securely across a network. Security protocols use en_______ algorithms to protect data in transit.

HTTPS is a network protocol that provides a secure method of communication between clients and website servers. HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that uses se__________ so__________ la__________/transport la__________ security (SSL/TLS) encryption on all transmissions so that malicious actors cannot read the information contained. HTTPS uses port 44?. In the TCP/IP model, HTTPS occurs at the ? layer.

Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is a secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network. SFTP uses se_____ sh_____ (SSH), typically through TCP port 22. SSH uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and other types of encryption to ensure that unintended recipients cannot intercept the transmissions. In the TCP/IP model, SFTP occurs at the ? layer. SFTP is used often with cl________ storage. Every time a user uploads or downloads a file from cl________ storage, the file is transferred using the SFTP protocol.

The devices on your local home or office network each have a private IP address that they use to communicate directly with each other. In order for the devices with private IP addresses to communicate with the public internet, they need to have a public IP address. Otherwise, responses will not be routed correctly. Instead of having a dedicated public IP address for each of the devices on the local network, the router can replace a private source IP address with its public IP address and perform the reverse operation for responses. This process is known as net____ add____ tran_____ and it generally requires a router or firewall to be specifically configured to perform NAT. NAT is a part of layer 2 internet layer and layer 3 (transport layer) of the TCP/IP model.

DHCP is in the management family of network protocols. DHCP is an application layer protocol used on a network to configure devices. It assigns a unique IP address and provides the addresses of the appropriate DNS server and default gateway for each device. DHCP servers operate on UDP port 67 while DHCP clients operate on UDP port 68.

By now, you are familiar with IP and MAC addresses. You’ve learned that each device on a network has both an IP address that identifies it on the network and a MAC address that is unique to that network interface. A device’s IP address may change over time, but its MAC address is permanent. ARP is an internet layer protocol in the TCP/IP model used to translate the IP addresses that are found in data packets into the MAC address of the hardware device.

Each device on the network performs ARP and keeps track of matching IP and MAC addresses in an ARP cache. ARP does not have a specific port number.

Telnet is an application layer protocol that allows a device to communicate with another device or server. Telnet sends all information in clear text. It uses command line prompts to control another device similar to secure shell (SSH), but Telnet is not as secure as SSH. Telnet can be used to connect to lo____ or re______ devices and uses TCP port 23.