Child Development Theories and Theorist

  According to Freud, in each stage of psychosexual development, parents walk a fine line between permitting too much or too little gratification of their child’s basic needs.

• True

• False

    Both Freud and Erikson pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

• True

• False

    Behaviorism has been praised for acknowledging people’s contributions to their own development.

• False

• True

   In Piaget’s theory, as the brain develops and children’s experiences expand, they move through four broad stages, each characterized by qualitatively distinct ways of thinking.

• True

• False

   Research indicates that Piaget underestimated the competencies of infants and preschoolers.

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• False

Information-processing researchers view the mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows.

• True

• False

    Developmental neuroscience can identify relationships between changes in the brain and cognitive processing, but it has little to say about social or emotional development.

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• False

According to Vygotsky, social interaction is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture.

• True

• False

   The mesosystem consists of social settings that do not contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate settings.

• False

• True

  In Bronfenbrenner’s theory, people are both products and producers of their environments.

• True

• False