Foundations of American Government quiz

Which of the following were the main ideas of the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke?

• Humans are naturally bad so we need a strong central government

• There should be three branches of government

• The social contract and the natural rights of life, liberty, and property

• There is a "general will" that has the power in society

Which type of democracy was the Roman Republic?

• direct democracy

• indirect/representative democracy

What is a constitutional monarchy?

• a type of government where its leaders rule by a religion

• a government with a king or queen that is the head of state but their power is limited by a constitution

• leaders are elected and common citizens have power to make decisions with the government

• a government formed on the theory of eliminating social class

Select all of the following that were principles from the Enlightenment

• Consent of the governed, which means people are the source of all government authority

• Limited government, which means that government is not all powerful and can only do the things the people give it the power to do

• Equal rights, which means that people are born equal and with natural born rights

• Government ownership of land, which will help to get rid of social class and differences in wealth

• Separation of powers, which is the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another

What was Thomas Hobbes' most influential writing?

• The Spirit of Laws, in which he discussed the three branches of government

• The Social Contract, in which he discussed the general will

• The Leviathan, in which he discussed that people are naturally bad and chaos can only be avoided by a strong central government

• The Two Treatises on Government, in which he wrote about the agreement between people and government

What was Rousseau's key concept?

• That we need three branches of government

• That all men were created equal

• That humans are naturally bad so we need a strong government to keep us in check

• That we all have natural rights we are born with such as life, liberty, and property

What was Baron de Montesquieu known for?

• He is known for the idea of the social contract, or agreement between people and government

• He is known for the idea that people have to exchange some natural rights in return for civil rights

• He is known for writing the Spirit of Laws where he outlined the division of government into three independent branches

• He is known for the the idea of the general will, which is the "sovereign" (one with power) for society

What is limited government?

• People are the source of all government authority

• The government puts limits on what people can do through laws

• Government is not all powerful and can only do the things the people give it power to do

• The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches

As a result of the English Bill of Rights, _______________ went up and _________________ went down

• The power of the parliament went up and the power of the king/queen went down

• The power of the king/queen went up and the power of the parliament went down

What are two fundamental rights from the Magna Carta (1215)? Select two.

• Trial by jury

• Freedom of religion

• Due process of law

• Freedom of the press