Phys&Chem Changes/ Matter

What is the first step of the scientific method?

• Conducting experiments

• Making a hypothesis

• Making observations

• Analyzing data

Answer explanation

The first step of the scientific method is 'Making observations'. This is before any hypothesis is made or any experiments are conducted. The observations form the basis for any further steps in the scientific method, hence it is the first step.

Which of the following is a testable statement that can be investigated using the scientific method?

• Ghost are real.

• It's going to rain tomorrow.

• If I water a plant with orange juice, it will grow faster.

• All of the above.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'If I water a plant with orange juice, it will grow faster.' This statement can be investigated using the scientific method. It makes a testable prediction, and an experiment can be designed to test the prediction. The other options are either not testable or can't be scientifically investigated.

What is a hypothesis?

• A proven fact

• A possible explanation for an observation that can be tested

• A conclusion based on opinion

• A summary of scientific knowledge

Answer explanation

A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested. It is not a proven fact, a conclusion based on opinion, or a summary of scientific knowledge. Rather, it is a tentative answer to a question that can be investigated further through experiments and observation.

In the scientific method, what is the purpose of conducting experiments?

• To prove the hypothesis is correct

• To gather data and test the hypothesis

• To generate random results

• To make observations

Answer explanation

In the scientific method, experiments are performed to gather data and test the hypothesis, not just to prove it correct. The idea is to challenge the hypothesis and see if it holds up under various circumstances. Generating random results or simply making observations are not the primary purposes of conducting experiments.

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

• The variable that is measured or observed

• The variable that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter

• The variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

• The variable that depends on the outcome of the experiment

Answer explanation

In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter. This is because the purpose of an experiment is to determine the effect this variable has on the outcomes observed.

Which step of the scientific method involves drawing conclusions based on the data collected during the experiment?

• Making observations

• Formulating a hypothesis

• Analyzing data

• Conducting experiments

Answer explanation

The step of the scientific method that involves drawing conclusions based on the data collected during the experiment is 'Analyzing data'. After experiments are conducted and data is collected, it is analyzed to draw conclusions. This helps in determining whether the hypothesis stands correct or not, hence the answer 'Analyzing data' is correct.

What is a control group in an experiment?

• The group that receives the experimental treatment

• The group that is used for comparison and does not receive the experimental treatment

• The group that collects the most data

• The group that is the most important

Answer explanation

A control group in an experiment is the group that is used for comparison and does not receive the experimental treatment. This group serves as a benchmark against which the effects of the experimental treatment can be measured, thereby helping to validate or refute the hypothesis being tested.

What is peer review in the scientific process?

• A step where scientists review their own work

• A process where scientists compete with each other to publish first

• A process where other scientists evaluate and critique a research study before it's published

• A step where scientists communicate only with the public

Answer explanation

Peer review in the scientific process is a method of quality control for scientific research. It involves other scientists in the same field reviewing, evaluating, and critiquing a research study before it gets published. This process ensures the research is of high standard and contributes significant findings to the respective field.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific method?

• Experimentation

• Drawing conclusions

• Making assumptions

• Formulating hypotheses

Answer explanation

The scientific method involves formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments and drawing conclusions based on those experiments. Assumptions are generally avoided in the scientific method as they can lead to biases and incorrect conclusions. Therefore, 'Making assumptions' is not a part of the scientific method.

What is the final step of the scientific method?

• Making observations

• Analyzing data

• Communicating results

• Conducting experiments

Answer explanation

The final step of the scientific method is communicating results. This means that after making observations, conducting experiments, and analyzing data, the findings are shared with others. This step is integral as it allows for peer review and further exploration by other scientists.