Inside gooey stuff (more liquidy)

Difference between Polyphyletic and Monophyletic

Poly: All different ancestors Mono: From one ancestor

Mono: All different ancestors Poly: From one ancestor

Come together and trade via meiosis

Poly: All different ancestors Mono: From one ancestor

Mono: All different ancestors Poly: From one ancestor

Poly: All different ancestors Mono: From one ancestor

Mono: All different ancestors Poly: From one ancestor

Come together and trade via meiosis

Phylum: Euglenida facts

1000 species, mostly F.W Outer surface consists of a thickening of the Cell Membrane called a Pellicle

Locomotion via Flagella, usually 2, also can distort pellicle to move into tight spots

Photosynthetic and or predatory Binary fission/Mitosis (Asexual)

Phylum: Cilliata = Cilliophora

1,200 species with many genera, F.W Outer surface = Pellicle

Locomotion via Cilia, distort pellicle to move into tight spots ( Paramecium ) Sessile (Stay in one spot), motile (move) or both (Telotroch)

Filter feeders, some predatory Binary Fission/Mitosis (Asexual), Budding (Asexual), and conjunction (Sexual)

Filter feeders, some predatory Binary Fission/Mitosis (Asexual) and Budding (Asexual)

Characteristics of Euglena

Only Genus of the Phylum Euglenida (that we learned)

Predatory Flagellate Autotrophic Chloroplasts

Closely related to vorticella Other form aggregates

Characteristics of Paramecium

Foot-shaped Fast swimmers via cilia

Some species have symbiotic algae Cilia create currents into specific area called a gullet

Paramecium bursaria is symbiotic with green algae (Chlorophyta)

Characteristics of Vorticella

Sessile, feed with cilia into gut Can become motile when conditions decline, telotroch

Often form aggregates Tulip shapped

Trumpet Shaped Attached to Substrate

Contractile Free-swimming Forms

Characteristics of Stentor

Trumpet Shaped Attached to Substrate

Contractile Free-swimming Forms

Sessile, feed with cilia into gut Can become motile when conditions decline, telotroch

Often form aggregates Tulip shapped

Phylum: Dinoflagellata

4,000 species described with may marine Genera, many fossils Outer surface = Pellicle or armor referred to as thecal plates

Locomotion is by flagella, 2 Photosynthetic and predatory

Binary fission/Mitosis (Asexual), or by gametes Causes Red Tide

Genus Noctiluca are Bioluminescent

Genus Cystoseira are Bioluminescent

Characteristics of Dinoflagellata

Have the flagella that wraps around the middle and the other to grab stuff (Longitudinal Flagellum)

Red tide = blooms that release brevetoxin a type of neurotoxin, and is released by Karenia brevis in the gulf of mexico

All colonial like the Man-o-War

Characteristics of Phylum: Stramenopila

9,000 species , most are marine inhabitants, few are freshwater Many fossils of diatoms, diatomaceous earth

Outer surface is a test (Shell) of Silicon, calcium, or proteins Locomotion is by Flagella usually two

Photosynthetic often use xanthophylls (pigment for light harvesting) as their pigment Binary fission (Asexual) or Gametes (Sexual)

Characteristics of Phylum: Amoebozoa = Rhizopoda

200 species, amebas Amorphous cell shape

Locomotion by pseudopodia Predatory or carnivorous, able to take up dissolve organics

Naked or testate (have a shell) Binary Fission (Asexual)

How are Amoeba and Acella different

Amoeba : Are Naked and eat Paramecium Arcella : Have Testates with holes

Amoeba : Have Testates with holes Arcella : Are Naked and eat Paramecium

Characteristics of Phylum: Actinopoda = Radiolaria

Over 4000 species, mostly marine Outside surface = pellicle

Planktonic (Move passively via streams) Testate made of silica (CHRISTMAS ORNAMENTS)

Predators, feed by phagocytosis (Gwomp) via axopodia (Long pointies) Binary Fission (Asexual), Budding (Asexual), few produce Gametes (Sexual)

Are related to urchins do the line Both developed axopdia via divergent evolution

Characteristics of Phylum: Granuloreticulosa

Order: Foraminifera (Da literal shell ones) 40,000 species, mainly from the fossil record

Ornate tests made of calcareous (Calcium), protein, or mineral (Agglutinated) Planktonic, marine, F.W, soil

All aquatic habitats Some predatory phagocytosis (Gwomp)

Move by cytoplasmic extensions known as reticulopodia (1 BILLION TENTACLES) Budding (Asexual) and Conjugation, touch butts trade gametes (Sexual) Stones of the Great pyramids are my from fossil compressed tests

Move by cytoplasmic extensions known as reticulopodia (1 BILLION TENTACLES) Budding (Asexual) and Gametes (Sexual) Stones of the Great pyramids are my from fossil compressed tests

Freebie, but study dis one. Define: Serial Endosymbiotic Theory

States that some of the organelles in eukaryotic were once prokaryotic microbes, supported by how mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide via binary fission

Characteristics of Phylum: Placazoa

Represented by a single extant species, Trichoplax adhaerans One other species was described and published in the 1800s and has not been found or confirmed since.

German Biologists Johannes Frenzel, claimed to have found it in the salt pans of Argentina in the late 19th century Adults asymmetrical Smallest Animal genome observed

Compromised of ciliated upper and lower cell layers, with fibrous cells inbetween Only 4 somatic cell types have been identified Regen Powers High

Don't have a structural nervous system, muscles, or digestive system, though feed through phagocytosis via feeding chambers Binary Fission (Asexual), Budding (Asexual), Eggs (Sexually with unknow Development

Bulgarian Biologists Johannes Frenzel, claimed to have found it in the salt pans of Argentina in the late 19th century Adults asymmetrical Smallest Animal genome observed

Characteristics of Phylum: Porifera "Pore Bearer"

8,346 extant species in both F.W (220) and marine habitats 4 Classes

Compromises about 75% benthic biomass of the worlds oceans Highest abundance in unpolluted littoral and tropical reefs

Overall organism lacks symmetry NO repro, digestive, respiratory, sensory, or excretory system Outer and inner cell layers are not separated by any form of extracellular matrix

Multicellular, but lack tissue, all cells are totipotent (can change into whatever cell they want, back and forth, unlike stem cells where it's one way) Adults are sessile (stationary) heterotrophic suspension feeders Middle layer (Mesohyl) include motile cells and skeletal material (calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, collagen fibers - species dependent)

Overall organism lacks symmetry NO repro, digestive, respiratory, or excretory system Outer and inner cell layers are not separated by any form of extracellular matrix

Next to Choanocytes and catch and transfer food/nutrients

Pores that allow for water flow and having food enter middle area

Next to Choanocytes and catch and transfer food/nutrients

Pores that allow for water flow and having food enter middle area

Next to Choanocytes and catch and transfer food/nutrients

Pores that allow for water flow and having food enter middle area

Describe the Asconoid body shape

The Vase, unfolded, simple choanoderm (epithelium)

The lumpy vase, folded, more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (The Lumps)

The coconut, folded more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (No lumps)

Describe the Syconoid body shape

The lumpy vase, folded, more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (The Lumps)

The Vase, unfolded, simple choanoderm (epithelium)

The coconut, folded more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (No lumps)

Describe the Leuconoid body shape

The coconut, folded more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (No lumps)

The Vase, unfolded, simple choanoderm (epithelium)

The lumpy vase, folded, more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (The Lumps)

Describe the Leuconoid and sylleibid shape, an intermediate between sycoid and lecuonoid

Has a single osculum, and is shaped like a w, many folds on the inside like the coconut one

The Vase, unfolded, simple choanoderm (epithelium)

The lumpy vase, folded, more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (The Lumps)

The coconut, folded more complex choanoderm Apopyle: Inner flagellated chamber (No lumps)

The Largest open vent where it "Exhales" everything out

Sponge main defense, made up of silicon and other materials, millions and millions of spikes that can leave you with a bloody hand

The Largest open vent where it "Exhales" everything out

Crystalline: Calcareous

The Largest open vent where it "Exhales" everything out

Sponge main defense, made up of silicon and other materials, millions and millions of spikes that can leave you with a bloody hand

Crystalline: Siliceous

The Largest open vent where it "Exhales" everything out

Sponge main defense, made up of silicon and other materials, millions and millions of spikes that can leave you with a bloody hand

Describe Spicule shape and structure

Structure: Has larger spicules to push out against the cells, like that of pillars that intersect with each other, and much smaller ones fill in the space Shape: Literally anything that can have a spike, caltrops, hooks, claws, literally anything

Shape: Has larger spicules to push out against the cells, like that of pillars that intersect with each other, and much smaller ones fill in the space Structure: Literally anything that can have a spike, caltrops, hooks, claws, literally anything

It's the outer layer/husk where spicules form inside and is what hold them together, literally how we get sponges (The product)

It's the outer tissue layer that holds everything together making sure that the sponge has form

Are the really sharp things that pierce your hand and act as the sponges defense

Spongilla and or other F.W species are relatively small, but are quite diverse on where you can find them. In the Amazon they cling to branches that get submerged when the river levels change.

Use deep silica 'roots' to stay in place all year round as due to their size they can't take in as much nutrients and have adapted to soil nutrients

Use deep silica 'roots' to truly stay grounded, especially with the strong ass currents as you get deeper in the ocean

Describe Deep Sea Sponges

Use deep silica 'roots' to truly stay grounded, especially with the strong ass currents as you get deeper in the ocean

Spongilla and or other F.W species are relatively small, but are quite diverse on where you can find them. In the Amazon they cling to branches that get submerged when the river levels change.

Use deep silica 'roots' to stay in place all year round as due to their size they can't take in as much nutrients and have adapted to soil nutrients

Define: Budding and Fragmentation

Asexual external reproduction Budding: Grows and then pops off the main body Fragmentation: Is loped off from the main body and grows

Asexual external reproduction Fragmentation: Grows and then pops off the main body Budding: Is loped off from the main body and grows

Asexual internal reproduction Contain gemmule that is seed like and holds cells from which a new sponge can grow Only in F.W species

Sexual internal reproduction Contain gemmule that is seed like and holds cells from which a new sponge can grow Only in S.W species

Invert Zoology Exam 1 Study Guide

Authored by Benicio Benicio

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Protista Bauplan

Multicellular

Unicellular

Hypotonic Environment

Water Expulsion Vesicle

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

F.W Protista live where

Multicellular

Unicellular

Hypotonic Environment

Water Expulsion Vesicle

Hypertonic Environment

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How do Protista control water levels in their bodies

Multicellular

Unicellular

Hypotonic Environment

Water Expulsion Vesicle

Hypertonic Environment

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

How do Protista Move?

Flagella spinning

Inching

Cilia

Contracting

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How do Euplotes Move?

Flagella spinning

Pseudopodia

Cilia

Contracting

Creeping

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How do Amoeba Move?

Flagella spinning

Pseudopodia

Cilia

Contracting

Creeping

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Define: Plasmagel

Outside gooey stuff

Inside gooey stuff

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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Invert Zoology Exam 1 Study Guide

Protista Bauplan

F.W Protista live where

How do Protista control water levels in their bodies

How do Protista Move?

How do Euplotes Move?

How do Amoeba Move?

Define: Plasmagel

Define: Plasmasol

Define: Phagocytosis

Define: Pinocytosis

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