6 Week Test Review pt 2

Which philosopher developed the concept of separation of powers?

• Baron de Montesquieu

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Thomas Paine

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

—Declaration of Independence, 1776

Which philosopher MOST influenced the ideas in this excerpt?

• Niccolò Machiavell

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Adam Smith

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

. . . all men shall be free to profess [declare], and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.

—Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1786

Which founding idea of U.S. government came from the statute above?

• separation of church and state

• equality of all citizens

• right to assemble peacefully

• authority of the Supreme Court

How did John Jay influence the U.S. Constitution?

• He supported a structure of equal representation for all states.

• He promoted the idea of a strong federal government.

• He led the fight for the development of a list of guaranteed rights

• He encouraged the power of local government over the states.

 Federalist -Supported a strong central government based on separation of powers and consent of the governed

Anti-Federalists- Opposed authority being concentrated in a central government instead of the individual states and people

How did the Bill of Rights help resolve the differences between these two viewpoints?

• by establishing a confederation of states to advise Congress

• by creating a Supreme Court to interpret laws and policies

• by identifying liberties guaranteed to all citizens

• by providing a process for proposing and ratifying amendments

Which U.S. president was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Jefferson

• George Washington

• John Adams

• Andrew Jackson

Which statement is the BEST explanation of the divine right of kings?

• People are sovereign

• People are born with God-given rights.

• The king must abide by the social contract.

• The king answers only to God.

Which practice outlined in the U.S. Constitution was influenced by the ideas of republicanism?

• the division of powers among the three branches

• the election of representatives to make the laws

• the assurance of due process of law for the accused

• the specification of rights granted to every citizen

The establishment clause of the 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is an example of which Enlightenment principle?

• existence of natural laws

• belief in progress of society

• separation of church and state

• natural rights of individuals

How does this excerpt reflect the long-term significance of the American Revolution?

The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government. . . .

—U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21

• Citizens provide the financial support for government programs.

• Legitimate governments receive power from citizens

• Representative democracy depends on mandatory participation.

• Government serves in the interests of the nobility