9/14/23 BIOL152 Exam 1 Quiz

According to Darwin and Wallace, what drives evolution?

• The scale of nature

• Variation

• Divergence

• The interactions between the three levels of homology

What is evolutionary fitness?

• the process of artificial selection in breeding

• a trait that increases an individual's chances of survival

• the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce, relative to other 
  individuals in that population

• a passive process resulting from heritable variation

Which of the following is one of Darwin's Four Postulates of evolution?

• Offspring with traits better matched
  to the environment will survive and
  reproduce more effectively.

• Traits inherited by offspring are acquired during the parents' life

• Species do not produce many offspring

• Individuals within a population have little variation in their traits

What is a primary effect of stabilizing selection?

• It favors both extremes of traits

• It reduces genetic variation in the population

• It increases the average value of traits over time

• It plays a role in speciation

Which mode of natural selection favors one extreme phenotype while selecting against the average phenotype and the opposite extreme?

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Balancing selection

In which mode of natural selection are both extremes of a trait favored, while the average phenotype is selected against?

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Balancing selection

What do vestigial traits represent in terms of evidence for biological change over time?

• Traits with fully developed functions

• Structures that are reduced in size or function but related to functioning organs in related species

• Evidence that organisms remain static over time

• Evidence that members of a population often vary greatly in their traits

In a population of 1,000 individuals, 640 are homozygous dominant (AA) for a particular trait, 240 are heterozygous (Aa), and 120 are homozygous recessive (aa). What are the frequencies of the dominant (A) and recessive (a) alleles?

(Hint: p + q = 1)

• (A) = 0.48

  (a) = 0.52

• (A) = 0.76

  (a) = 0.24

• (A) = 0.24

  (a) = 0.12

• (A) = 0.64

  (a) = 0.12