DNA and RNA Chapter 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has a common structure across all organisms. What are the 2 main functions of DNA?

• Storing genetic information

• Copying itself

• Building proteins

• Regulating cell functions

Who conducted the experiment in 1928 that showed DNA is the genetic material?

• F. Griffith

• Avery Macleod

• McCarty

• Rosalind Franklin

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

• Purines: Adenine (A) & Guanine(G)

• Pyrimidines: Thymine(T) & Cytosine(C)

• Both A and G

• Both T and C

What is the function of nucleosides and nucleotides?

• To store genetic information

• To build proteins

• To form the backbone of DNA

• To provide energy for cellular processes

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a DNA strand?

• Hydrogen bond

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Peptide bond

What is the direction of DNA growth during replication?

• 3'-5'

• 5'-3'

• Both directions

• Random direction

What is the result of errors in DNA replication?

• Mutation

• Increased stability

• Improved fidelity

• No effect

In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?

• 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine

• 16% thymidine, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine

• 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine

• 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA is transcribed into RNA

• RNA is translated into proteins

• DNA serves as the template for RNA

• All of the above

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar composition?

• DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar

• DNA has ribose sugar, while RNA has deoxyribose sugar

• Both DNA and RNA have deoxyribose sugar

• Both DNA and RNA have ribose sugar