RX - Clinical Immune/Infection

Which of the following is true regarding innate immunity? (choose all that apply)

• protects against all types of pathogens nonspecifically

• provides the first protection from a pathogen

• produces antibodies against the pathogen

• would be basically the same when we are 2 days or 20 years old

• this innate protection would be stronger & faster the 2nd time we encounter a pathogen

Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?

• Skin forms a physical barrier to pathogens

• T cells regognize specific antigens and cause cell lysis

• Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection

• The body produces large numbers of memory cells with specific antibodies

This type of immunity is acquired during one's lifetime. It is induced by antigens that invade the body.

• innate immunity

• adaptive immunity

• nonspecific immunity

• normal microbiota

 Liz notices that shortly after cutting her arm accidentally the area around the cut is turning red and feeling hot.  Which immune system defense is Liz experiencing?  

• inflammation

• coagulase

• phagocytosis

• fever

Your patient is prescribed the antiviral valacyclovir for a herpes infection.

Which of the following would you include in your teaching for this medication.

• The patient is still infective as antivirals do not cure, but rather manage symptoms.

• GI upset is most common within the first 48 - 72 hours of taking these meds

• The patient will need to take this once weekly instead of daily due to her diagnosis.

• The patient should remain upright for 30 minutes after taking this medication.

Answer explanation

Antivirals are not cures, but rather help manage symptoms.

Biphosphinates require you to be upright for 30 minutes.

Methotrexate is given 1/weekly for RA, daily for some cancer treatments

A nurse is caring for a patient that has been diagnosed with oral thrush.

The nurse would anticipate administering which of the following medications?

• Nystatin oral suspension

• Hydroxychloroquine, oral tablet

• Isoniazid, oral tablet

• Terbinafine, topical

Answer explanation

Nystatin given via oral suspension for oral thrush.

Hydroxycholoroquine is an anti-malarial and also given for RA.

Isoniazid is given for TB.

Terbinafine is a topical antifungal for tinea pedis/tinea cruris/tinea corporis

A vaccine made from weakened pathogens is called

• Viral Vector Vaccine

• Subunit Vaccine

• Live-attenuated Vaccine

• Inactive Vaccine

Immunity developed from an individual's own immune system.

• active immunity

• adaptive immunity

• passive immunity

• innate response

1st line treatment for Uncomplicated UTI

• Nitrofurantoin

• Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

• Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

• CARBAPENEM

1st line treatment for Recurrent UTI

• Nitrofurantoin

• - Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

• - Fosfomycin

• Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

• amoxicillin - clavulanate