Eng II: Sugar Changed the World Part 1

An introductory section that sets up a lengthy text is a

• timeline

• conclusion

• prologue

• caption

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What purposes does the prologue serve? Select three options.

• to provide background information

  
  

• to specify what a particular section of text will be about

  
  

• to discuss events leading up to what happens in the text

  
  

• to offer a perspective on events in the text

  
  

• to help identify the locations of events

  
  

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B.C.8000–7000First planting of wild sugar cane, on the island of New Guinea

6000Sugar cane reaches the Philippines

1500–900Sugar cane used in Hindu ceremonies described in oral traditions that date from around this time

515According to the Greek author Herodotus, the Persians had found what may be sugar cane in what is now India and Pakistan

327Nearchus, friend of Alexander the Great, again mentions the reed that makes honey without bees, in India

286First mention of sugar cane in China

What is the purpose of this section of text?

• to contrast how different people used sugar

  
  

• to explain sugar cane’s ceremonial purpose

  
  

• to compare sugar cane use to honey use 

  
  

• to provide the history of sugar cane use

  
  

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In the Age of Sugar, Europeans bought a product made thousands of miles away that was less expensive than the honey from down the road. That was possible only because sugar set people in motion all across the world—millions of them as slaves, in chains; a few in search of their fortunes. A perfect taste made possible by the most brutal labor: That is the dark story of sugar.

What is the purpose of the cause-and-effect structure of this passage? Select two options.

• to mark important events in the history of sugar

  
  

• to show how the desire for sugar led to slavery

  
  

• to compare the labor used for sugar with that used in other industries

  
  

• to reveal that the reason for sugar’s low price was slavery

  
  

• to explain how honey led to the discovery of sugar

  
  

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How does the conclusion of the prologue support the authors’ purpose? Select two options.

• It introduces the topic that will be addressed next.

  
  

• It provides information about the authors.

  
  

• It states why the topic is relevant to readers.

  
  

• It cites sources the authors used in the text.

  
  

• It explains how the authors came to study the subject.

  
  

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THE AGE OF HONEY

There was a time before sugar, when those white grains that melt on your tongue did not exist anywhere on earth. Historians speak of the Iron Age, the Bronze Age—metals that were used in weapons and tools. But we could just as well speak of the first several thousand years of human history as the Age of Honey.

How does the heading serve the authors’ purpose?

• It lets the reader know that the authors are going to describe how honey relates to the story of sugar.

  
  

• It suggests that the authors think that honey is more important because it was used before sugar.

  
  

• It informs the reader that the authors are going to talk about many different types of sweeteners.

  
  

• It reveals that the authors will focus on how honey is made and why it is still a popular sweetener.

  
  

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What kind of inference can the reader make about the importance of sugar in the late nineteenth century?

• Sugar was central to people’s daily lives, work, and economy.

  
  

• Sugar cane plantation owners needed cheap labor after the enslaved were freed.

  
  

• Sugar cane is a labor intensive crop to grow and harvest.  

  
  

• Sugar was a necessity enjoyed by the poorest shopgirls to the richest kings.

  
  

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Nina was always a mysterious figure in the family: beautiful as a movie star, cosmopolitan and elegant, with wide Slavic cheeks. She spoke only Russian, though she lived much of her adult life in Tel Aviv. There were rumors that she came from nobility and that she had once been very rich. She and Avram were thought of as a glamorous couple—he the charming man with his head in the clouds (in Yiddish the word for that kind of person is luftmensh, "air man''), she the mysterious beauty who had given up everything to be with him.

Which statements best describe the author’s purpose for writing this passage? Select two options.

• to present background information about Nina

  
  

• to create a sense of suspense about Nina’s future

  
  

• to intrigue the reader with details about Nina

  
  

• to show how Nina was able to mislead people 

  
  

• to persuade the reader that Nina was rich

  
  

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We don't know exactly what Nina's grandfather's invention did, but as the story goes, he found a way to give raw beet sugar sparkling hues. People from Russia to the cafés of Vienna could now buy cheap and attractive sugar produced on European soil.

Serfs were much like slaves, since they had no choice about where they lived or worked. Yet Nina's grandfather made so much money from his invention that he was able to buy his freedom from his owner.

What is the purpose of this text?

• to inform readers about the grandfather’s role in creating beet sugar

  
  

• to entertain readers with stories about one of the grandfather’s inventions

  
  

• to convince readers that beet sugar is better than cane sugar

  
  

• to show readers what life was like for a typical Russian serf 

  
  

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1789French Revolution begins with the declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

1791Children of free parents in French sugar colonies are granted the full rights of French Citizens, no matter what their color or origin; slavery abolished within borders of France

1792French leaders begin to use the guillotine to execute enemies

1793Louis XVI executed; Marie Antoinette executed

1794Slavery abolished in all French sugar colonies

1799Napoleon takes power in France

1800Napoleon gains control of the center of North America—the Louisiana Territory from Spain, plans to use it to feed and supply his sugar islands

1802Napoleon makes slavery legal again

How do the details in this timeline support the authors’ purpose?

• The details about the shift of power in France help persuade readers that France was important to the sugar industry.

  
  

• The details about the changing laws in France help inform readers that Napoleon wanted to produce sugar cheaply by using enslaved people.

  
  

• The details about the French Revolution help inform readers about the process of executing enemies.

  
  

• The details about Marie Antoinette help persuade readers that the French royalty were not well liked.

  
  

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