Cardiac Part I Review!

A client has hypertension. Which cardiac factor would this increase?

• Preload

• Afterload

• Stroke volume

• Contractility

The event that causes the QRS wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing is:

• Atrial depolarization

• Atrial repolarization

• Ventricular depolarization

• Ventricular repolarization

The term preload refers to:

• volume of venous return.

• peripheral resistance.

• stroke volume.

• cardiac output.

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

• leading a sedentary lifestyle.

• being older than 40 years of age.

• familial hypercholesterolemia.

• female gender.

Which of the following is most likely to cause left-sided heart failure?

• Incompetent tricuspid heart valve

• Chronic pulmonary disease

• Infarction in the right atrium

• Uncontrolled essential hypertension

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of heart failure include:

• slow cardiac contractions.

• decreased erythropoietin secretion.

• increased renin and aldosterone secretions.

• fatigue and cold intolerance.

In which blood vessels will failure of the left ventricle cause increased hydrostatic pressure?

• Veins of the legs and feet

• Jugular veins

• Pulmonary capillaries

• Blood vessels of the liver and spleen

Which of the following describes the blood flow occurring with a ventricular septal defect?

• From the left ventricle to the right ventricle

• From the right ventricle to the left ventricle

• Increased cardiac output from the left ventricle

• Mixed oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation

A 50-year old received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

• AV node

• SA node

• Bundle of His

• Ventricles

Which statement applies to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

• It indicates decreased CO2 diffusion in the lungs.

• It indicates swelling in the bronchioles and bronchi.

• It is caused by increased blood in the lungs when lying in a supine position.

• It results from pleural effusion.