Biology Unit 1 Review

Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?

• The cells use more energy.

• The cells store more nutrients.

• The cells degrade more proteins.

• The cells divide more frequently.

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A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?

• osmosis

• photosynthesis

• protein synthesis

• respiration

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Many land plants store energy in starch (almidon). When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following?

• amino acids

• lipids

• monsacchrides

• RNA chains

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The graph below shows the rate of activity for the enzyme catalase at different temperatures. Catalase helps convert hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. The rate of catalase activity is directly related to the percent increase in oxygen. Based on the graph, which of the following conclusions can be made about the functioning of catalase?

• Catalase works best at 34°C.

• Catalase is destroyed at 34°C.

• Catalase cannot function at 51°C.

• Catalase functions most efficiently at 51°C.

A person with swollen gums (encias inflamadas) rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred?

• The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.

• The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.

• The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.

• The water in the gums has moved from a high to a low concentration of water.

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An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass (masa, peso) of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

• Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

• Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

• Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

• Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.

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Which of the following are mainly cycled through the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• carbon and sulfur

• carbon and oxygen

• nitrogen and sulfur

• nitrogen and oxygen

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The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

• Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.

• Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.

• Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

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What are the basic structural units of living organisms? basically like the building blocks of Life.

• cells

• nuclei

• tissues

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How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

• Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have any chromosomes.

• Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a cell wall.

• Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus

• Unlike eukaryotic cells, some prokaryotic cells move using cilia or flagella.