Cellular Respiration

What about the symbol NAD+ suggests it is in its oxidized form?

• It is three letters long and oxidized molecules are denoted by three letters

• The plus sign denotes that it has gained an electron

• NAD is always one of the products of an oxidation reaction

• The plus sign denotes that it has lost an electron

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which of the following is true regarding photoautotrophs and photosynthesis?

• Photoautotrophs undergo photosynthesis but not cellular respiration

• Photoautotrophs undergo photosynthesis to produce the molecules needed for cellular respiration

• Photoautotrophs undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, but respiration serves a completely different purpose in these organisms than in heterotrophs

• Photoautotrophs do not undergo photosynthesis but chemoautotrophs do

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Where is the electron transport chain located? Plasma (cell) membrane Inner mitochondrial membrane Nucleus Ribosomes

• Plasma (cell) membrane

• Inner mitochondrial membrane

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Is the ATP cycle endergonic or exergonic?

• Endergonic because ATP must store energy to then transfer that energy to other molecules in the cell

• Exergonic because ATP must release energy to drive cellular functions

• Both endergonic and exergonic because the synthesis of ATP from ADP is endergonic but the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is exergonic

• Neither endergonic or exergonic because it does not involve chemical reactions and is instead metabolic

Glycolysis and the Krebs/Citric Acid cycle produce ATP through ________ while the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produce ATP through ________.

• Substrate-level phosphorylation; oxidative phosphorylation

• Oxidative phosphorylation; active transport

• Break down of glucose, oxidative phosphorylation

• Oxidative phosphorylation; substrate-level phosphorylation

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Chemiosmosis is an example of:

• Active transport

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Diffusion

Hexokinase is the first enzyme involved in glycolysis. If hexokinase is inhibited by a competitive inhibitor which of the following would occur?

• The competitive inhibitor will bind to hexokinase’s allosteric site, changing the confirmation of the active site, and preventing hexokinase from directly catalyzing the synthesis of ATP from ADP

• The competitive inhibitor will bind to hexokinase’s active site, preventing the binding of its substrate in the active site, and reducing the amount of glucose that is broken down to glucose-6-phosphate

• The competitive inhibitor will bind to hexokinase’s active site, preventing the binding of its substrate in the active site, and preventing hexokinase from directly catalyzing the synthesis of ATP from ADP

• The competitive inhibitor will bind to hexokinase’s active site, causing the enzyme to be targeted by lysosomes for degradation, and preventing any glucose from being broken down to glucose-6-phosphate

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which of the following is a difference between NADH and FADH2?

• NADH is in a reduced state, while FADH2 is in an oxidized state

• NADH donates its electrons to Complex 1 while FADH2 donates its electrons to Complex 2 in the ETC

• NADH is an electron donor while FADH2 is an electron acceptor in the ETC

• Donation of electrons by FADH2 produces more ATP than donation of electrons by NADH to the ETC

Which stage of cellular respiration does not occur in the mitochondria?

• Glycolysis

• Pyruvate Oxidation

• Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

• Oxidative Phosphorylation

• All the stages of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria

Which of the following best explains why a balanced diet is important for cellular respiration?

• Carbohydrates are vital for production of energy via cellular respiration; other macromolecules are important for other functions in the cell, but not cellular respiration

• Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins each contribute differently to cellular respiration, but all are necessary for the process to occur properly

• Carbohydrates are not necessary and do not have to be consumed, as other macromolecules can be substituted for carbohydrates during cellular respiration

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7