REVIEW ON HISTORY AND THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT

Individualism emphasizes the importance of recognizing the unique characteristics, needs, and motivations of individual employees within an organization.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True

Individualism is a cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the individual over the group. In the context of management, individualism emphasizes the importance of recognizing the unique characteristics, needs, and motivations of individual employees within an organization.

Materialism focuses on the intangible and non-material aspects of an organization.

• False
• True

Answer explanation

False.

Materialism is a focus on the importance of acquiring and consuming material goods. It is often associated with a belief that material possessions can lead to happiness and fulfillment. In the context of management, materialism can be seen as a focus on the tangible and material aspects of an organization, such as its physical assets, financial resources, and technological capabilities.

Individualism suggests that God calls individuals to specific work.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True.

The Bible teaches that God has a unique calling for each individual. This calling is not just about our jobs or careers, but about our entire lives. It is about who we are, what we are gifted at, and what God has purposed for us to accomplish in the world.

Unity of command is one of the principles posited by Henri Fayol, emphasizing that each employee should report to only one superior.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True.

Unity of command is one of the 14 principles of management proposed by Henri Fayol in the early 20th century. It states that each employee should report to only one superior. This principle is important because it helps to avoid confusion and conflict, and it ensures that employees have clear lines of authority and accountability.

Employee Autonomy is a key concept associated with Materialism.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

False.

Employee autonomy is the degree to which employees have the freedom to control their own work. It is a key concept in the individualism. Employee autonomy has been shown to have a number of benefits, including increased employee satisfaction, motivation, and productivity.

Materialism, on the other hand, is the focus on the importance of acquiring and consuming material goods. It is often associated with a belief that material possessions can lead to happiness and fulfillment. Materialism is not typically associated with employee autonomy, in fact, it can sometimes lead to a decrease in autonomy as employees become more focused on achieving materialistic goals.

Bureaucracy Theory, part of the Classical Era, focuses on the structure and functions of management to maximize productivity.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True.

Bureaucracy Theory, part of the Classical Era in management, focuses on the structure and functions of management to maximize productivity. It was developed by Max Weber in the early 20th century, and it is based on the belief that the most efficient way to organize an organization is through a bureaucratic structure.

Mary Parker Follett emphasized the human (behavioral) side of management and believed that managers should facilitate the work of subordinates rather than control them.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True.

Mary Parker Follett was a pioneer in the field of management theory, and she is considered to be one of the founders of the human relations movement. She emphasized the importance of the human (behavioral) side of management, and she believed that managers should facilitate the work of subordinates rather than control them.

According to Henry Fayol's view, maturing organizations rely on employee competences and positional authority within a formal structure.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

False.

It is Max Weber who believed that maturing organizations rely on employee competences and positional authority within a formal structure. He argued that as organizations grow and become more complex, they need to develop a more formal structure in order to maintain efficiency and control. This structure includes a hierarchy of positions, with each position having a specific set of duties and responsibilities.

In the Classical Era, Scientific Management Theory, a micro approach, focused on maximizing the productivity of the overall organization.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

False.

Scientific Management Theory, a micro approach, focused on maximizing the productivity of the individual worker, not the overall organization. It was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and it is based on the belief that there is a "one best way" to perform any task.

The "Human" Era (1930-1950) in management history is characterized by Lillian Gilbreth's focus on reducing job stress and advocating for workers' rights.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True.

The "Human" Era (1930-1950) in management history is characterized by a shift away from the focus on efficiency and productivity that characterized the Classical Era, and towards a greater focus on the human element of work. This shift was influenced by a number of factors, including the Great Depression, the rise of unions, and the work of Lillian Gilbreth.