EOC Review

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

• Meiosis and mitosis both produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes.

• Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

• Meiosis produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while mitosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.

• Meiosis produces gametes with double the number of chromosomes, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer explanation

The question asks about the key difference between meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis and mitosis are two types of cell division, but they differ in their products. The correct answer is that meiosis produces gametes, or sex cells, that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Which enzymes are involved in DNA replication during meiosis?

• DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase

• DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and RNA ligase.

• DNA helicase, RNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.

• RNA helicase, RNA polymerase, and RNA ligase.

Answer explanation

The process of DNA replication during meiosis involves several enzymes. DNA helicase unwinds the DNA strands, and DNA polymerase builds a new strand of DNA. DNA ligase then seals any breaks in the DNA, finalizing the replication. Therefore, the correct answer is 'DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.'

Name the two cell types involved in meiosis.

• stem cells and differentiated cells

• prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

• germ cells and somatic cells

• gametes and zygotes

Answer explanation

In the context of the question, the two cell types involved in meiosis are germ cells and somatic cells. Meiosis is a process that takes place in germ cells, which generate gametes, or sex cells. Somatic cells, on the other hand, are body cells that are not involved in sexual reproduction but can undergo mitosis.

What is the purpose of cell respiration?

• To produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and energy (ATP).

• To convert glucose and oxygen into water and carbon dioxide.

• To store glucose and oxygen for later use in the body.

• To convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP) and carbon dioxide.

Answer explanation

Cell respiration's primary purpose is to convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP) and carbon dioxide. This process enables cells to generate the energy needed for their functions. Though the other options discuss aspects of glucose and oxygen, they do not accurately describe the purpose of cell respiration.

List three characteristics of life.

• Growth and development, Reproduction, Response to stimuli

• Cellular organization, Evolution, Energy utilization

• Respiration, Excretion, Movement

• Metabolism, Adaptation, Homeostasis

Answer explanation

The question asks for three characteristics of life. The correct answer is 'Growth and development, Reproduction, Response to stimuli'. These are fundamental characteristics of living organisms. Growth and development signify life's dynamic nature. Reproduction ensures the continuity of species. Finally, the response to stimuli reflects the organism's interaction with the environment.

What are the four macromolecules found in living organisms?

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes.

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins.

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These are the four macromolecules found in living organisms. Enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, although important for various bodily functions, are not considered macromolecules. Macromolecules are large, complex molecules, and these four categories make up the bulk of a cell's composition.

How many divisions occur in meiosis?

• 3

• 4

• 2

• 1

Answer explanation

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. Hence, there are two divisions that occur in meiosis, often referred to as Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Each of these divisions includes one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of nuclear division.

Which type of cell transport requires energy?

• Facilitated diffusion

• Passive transport

• Osmosis

• Active transport

Answer explanation

The question asks about the type of cell transport that requires energy. Active transport is the correct answer because this process uses energy to move substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Other options listed such as Facilitated diffusion, Passive transport, and Osmosis do not require energy as they move substances along their concentration gradient.

What is the end product of cell respiration?

• Water

• ATP

• Carbon dioxide

• Glucose

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration is the process where cells make ATP, which stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is often referred to as the 'energy currency' of the cell because it provides the energy cells need to function. Therefore, the end product of cellular respiration is ATP, making the 'ATP' option the correct answer to the question.

What is the function of enzymes in cells?

• Enzymes in cells provide structural support.

• Enzymes in cells regulate cell division.

• Enzymes in cells act as catalysts.

• Enzymes in cells store genetic information.

Answer explanation

Enzymes in cells function as catalysts. This means they speed up the chemical reactions that take place within cells. The other options, such as providing structural support, regulating cell division, and storing genetic information, while important to a cell's function, are not the primary roles of enzymes.