Chapter One---"Origins of Civilization"

1. 1. When archaeologists study an excavation site, objects found closer to the surface are

• a) often as damaged as those found below them.

• b) not as old as those found in deeper layers.

• c) impossible to date with an accuracy.

2. 2. Which fossil discovery was found in Olduvai Gorge in East Africa?

• a) Donald Johanson's Lucy

• b) Mary and Louis Leaky's Homo habilis

• c) Michael Brunet's humanoid skull

3. How might the use of fire have affected human migration?

• a) People could settle in one place where it was easy to keep a fire burning.

• b) People could live in places that otherwise would have been too cold.

• c) People could cook food and scare off dangerous animals.

4. 4. The economy of early villages and cities was based mainly on

• a) trade.

• b) hunting and gathering

• c) farming

5. 5. If the "out of Africa" theory of human migration is correct, Homo sapien fossil remains found nearest to Africa should be

• a) younger than those found farther from

  Africa.

• b) older than those found farther from Africa.

• c) younger than those found on other continents.

6. 6. What do these rivers have in common? (Nile River, Euphrates River, Indus River, Huang River)

• a) They were used to irrigate large rice fields.

• b) They were rich in mineral deposits.

• c) They were the locations of early civilizations.

7. 7. What abilities did both Neanderthals and Homo sapiens share?

• a) making tools, developing complex language

• b) using fire, making tools, hunting animals

• c) using fire, cooperating, hunting animals

8. 8. Why did the earliest civilizations appear in areas like Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley?

• a) because these areas had the most domesticated animals

• b) because these areas were isolated from other regionsl

• c) because these areas were near rivers and fertile soil

9. 9. Which action indicate people were modifying their environment?

• a) Following herds of animals

• b) Clearing trees and bushes; domesticating animals for food

• c) Burying the dead with beads

10. 10. Choose the correct sequence from the earliest development to the latest development.

• a) hunting and gathering, sedentary agriculture, farming villages, cities

• b) hunting and gathering, farming villages, sedentary agriculture, cities

• c) domesticating animals, sedentary agriculture, complex language