Learning Theories in SLA

What is the primary focus of the Behaviorism theory in second language acquisition?

• Innate individual ability

• The use of a foreign language in social contexts

• The process of forming connections between stimuli and responses

• Understanding grammar rules

Innatism theory emphasizes that:

• Second language understanding occurs through learning experiences

• Second language ability is present from birth

• Environmental factors are the primary key to second language understanding

• Second-language understanding develops through imitation

According to Krashen's theory, there are two types of language, namely:

• Primary and secondary language

• Active and passive language

• Natural and artificial language

• Verbal and non-verbal language

According to Behaviorism, what is most important in second language understanding?

• Intrinsic motivation

• Knowledge of grammar rules

• Positive reinforcement

• Mental processes

What is referred to as the "Zone of Proximal Development" in Innatism theory?

• The range of abilities already possessed by an individual

• The range of abilities that can be developed with the help of others

• The range of abilities that cannot be achieved by an individual

• The range of abilities that naturally develop

According to Krashen's theory, what does "i+1" mean?

• A level of language higher than the learner's current comprehension

• A level of language that is difficult to achieve

• The use of the second language in everyday situations

• Language ability already possessed by the individual

What does Behaviorism recommend to improve second language understanding?

• Increasing intrinsic motivation

• Assigning complex tasks

• Immersion in a second language environment

• Positive reinforcement through rewards

According to Innatism, how do individuals acquire second language proficiency?

• Through imitation of others

• Through formal grammar learning

• Through continuous exposure to the language

• Through positive reinforcement

Krashen's theory distinguishes between second language and first language with what concept?

• Language interference

• Language dependence

• Language function

• Language code

What is referred to as the "Comprehensible Input Hypothesis" in Krashen's Theory?

• Second-language understanding can only be achieved through direct experience

• Errors in language use are an important part of second language learning

• Individuals should always seek errors in their second language speaking

• Errors in second language use do not play a role in learning