G10 2.1

The control of most trade between Asia and Europe in the 1400s by Arab and Italian merchants caused

• Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to Asia.
• disruption in trade of luxury goods brought overland to Europe.
• Renaissance curiosity to spark a major religious revival in Europe.
• Europeans outside Italy to seek direct access to North Africa.

Why did the Portuguese think that they could find an easier way to reach Asia?

• They had expert knowledge and advanced navigational technology.
• They had alliances with European nations to send out expeditions.
• They had a large country and a long tradition of Asian exploration.
• They had a large fleet and had defeated Spain in recent sea battles.

Why did Columbus reach the Caribbean islands rather than the East Indies?

• He greatly underestimated the size of Earth and did not realize that North and South America existed.
• He did not know that he had sailed far off course until he landed near present-day Argentina.
• He was unaware that Earth was a sphere and so did not pursue his plan of sailing west.
• He ran out of food and water and landed too soon.

How did the Portuguese establish footholds and trade on Africa's coasts?

• They established forts and trading posts on the coast and seized key ports around the Indian Ocean.
• They explored inland and then established many permanent settlements around the Indian Ocean.
• They fought sea battles with the Spanish to control access to the East African trade routes.
• They formed commercial alliances with the Arabs who dominated the East African trade network.

Which European explorer first circumnavigated the globe?

• Ferdinand Magellan
• Christopher Columbus
• Marco Polo
• Vasco da Gama

What was the primary reason for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?

• To find alternative trade routes to Asia
• To convert native populations to Christianity
• To search for the mythical Fountain of Youth
• To study foreign plants and animals

Which European country was the first to establish a direct sea route to India?

• Portugal
• Spain
• England
• France

Which explorer is credited with discovering the New World in 1492?

• Christopher Columbus
• Amerigo Vespucci
• Hernán Cortés
• Sir Francis Drake

Which treaty, signed in 1494, divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal?

• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Utrecht
• Pact of Salamanca

Which of the following was NOT a motivation for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?

• Finding the lost city of Atlantis
• Spreading Christianity
• Acquiring wealth and resources
• Establishing trade routes