Review on the Introduction to Evolutionary Biology

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1. What is the primary focus of evolutionary biology?

• Explaining the origins of viruses
• Understanding the diversity of living things
• Analyzing cell biology
• Studying the behavior of animals

2. What does evolutionary biology aim to understand?

• The history of viruses
• The history of antibiotics
• The diversity of living things and their history
• The future of genetic modification

3. What does the term "evolution" mean in biological context?

• Development of individual organisms
• Change in the properties of groups of organisms over generations
• Natural selection of species
• Creation of new species

4. Why were Plato and Aristotle's views on species significant in the context of early evolutionary thought?

• They supported the idea of natural selection.
• They believed in the fixity of species.
• They argued for Lamarckian evolution.
• They endorsed the concept of common ancestry.

5. What was the prevailing belief about species in the early 19th century, influenced by religious interpretations?

• All species share a common ancestor.
• Each species was created individually by God and unchanging.
• Species originated through natural selection.
• Species have evolved continuously.

6. What idea challenged the prevailing worldview of fixed species?

• The Great Chain of Being
• Lamarckism
• Darwin's theory of natural selection
• The theory of common descent

7. What principle did James Hutton and Charles Lyell expound in geology that influenced Darwin's thinking?

• Catastrophism
• Uniformitarianism
• Gradualism
• Fixism

8. Who proposed the theory of Lamarckism?

• Charles Darwin
• James Hutton
• The Chevalier de Lamarck
• Alfred Russel Wallace

9. According to Lamarckism, why do species differ from each other?

• Because of common ancestry
• Because they share similar environments
• Because they have different needs and use certain organs more
• Because of random mutations