Chapter 2 (World)

What was the French Revolution based on?

• Individual rights, representative institutions, and loyalty to the monarch

• Individual rights, representative institutions, and loyalty to the nation

• Individual rights, absolute monarchy, and loyalty to the nation

• Individual rights, absolute monarchy, and loyalty to the monarch

Answer explanation

The French Revolution was based on individual rights, representative institutions, and loyalty to the nation. It aimed to overthrow the absolute monarchy and establish a more democratic system, with a focus on the rights of citizens and the importance of national unity.

What were the Three Estates in France before the French Revolution?

• The nobility, the Bourgeoisie, and the peasants

• The clergy, the nobility, and the Bourgeoisie

• The peasants, the Bourgeoisie, and the nobility

• The peasants, the Bourgeoisie, and the clergy

Answer explanation

The Three Estates in France before the French Revolution were the clergy, the nobility, and the Bourgeoisie. The clergy represented the religious class, the nobility represented the ruling class, and the Bourgeoisie represented the middle class. These three groups made up the social hierarchy in pre-revolutionary France.

Who made up the Third Estate?

• The King

• The clergy

• The nobility

• Everyone Else

Answer explanation

The Third Estate was made up of everyone else in French society who did not belong to the clergy or the nobility. This included the bourgeoisie, urban workers, and peasants. They constituted the majority of the population and played a significant role in the French Revolution, as they demanded more rights and representation.

What was the main goal of the Bourgeoisie during the French Revolution?

• To abolish the nobility

• To improve their own position

• To establish a constitutional monarchy

• To overthrow the king

Answer explanation

The main goal of the bourgeoisie during the French Revolution was to improve their own position. They sought to gain more political power and economic influence, which they believed would be achieved by breaking the hold of the nobility and clergy on society. While they did support some revolutionary ideas, their primary focus was on their own advancement.

What were some of the causes of the French Revolution?

• Financial crisis, monarchy's extravagant lifestyle, and food shortages

• Enlightenment ideals absolutism, American Revolution, and food shortages

• Financial crisis, monarchy's extravagant lifestyle, and English Revolution

• Enlightenment ideals absolutism, American Revolution, and monarchy's extravagant lifestyle

Answer explanation

The French Revolution was caused by a combination of factors, including a financial crisis due to the monarchy's extravagant lifestyle and mounting national debt, as well as food shortages caused by poor harvests. These issues led to widespread discontent among the population, ultimately resulting in the revolution.

What was the purpose of the Estates-General?

• To pass laws

• To represent the people

• To "advise" the king

• To elect the king

Answer explanation

The Estates-General was a legislative and consultative assembly in France, consisting of representatives from the three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners. Its primary purpose was to advise the king on important matters, such as taxation and legislation. Although it did not have the power to pass laws or elect the king, it played a crucial role in representing the interests of the people and providing counsel to the monarch.

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

• A promise by the king to make reforms

• A pledge by the nobility to support the Third Estate

• The declaration by the Third Estate that they were the National Assembly and would draft a constitution

• A meeting of the Estates-General to discuss the future of France

Answer explanation

The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event during the early days of the French Revolution. The Third Estate, which represented commoners and the lower clergy, made the declaration that they were the National Assembly and would draft a constitution. This was not a promise by the king, a pledge by the nobility, or a meeting of the Estates-General, but a significant step towards establishing a constitutional monarchy in France.

What was the Third Estate's response to King Louis' preparation of military force?

• They created the National Convention

• They stormed the Bastille

• They abandoned Paris

• They declared war on Austria

Answer explanation

The Third Estate's response to King Louis' preparation of military force was to storm the Bastille. This was a significant event during the French Revolution, symbolizing the uprising of the common people against the monarchy. The Bastille was a royal fortress and prison, and its capture demonstrated the power and resolve of the Third Estate.

What was the Bastille?

• A palace

• A university

• A city council

• A prison and armory

Answer explanation

The Bastille was a prison and armory in Paris, France. It was a symbol of the absolute and arbitrary power of Louis the 16th's Ancient Regime. By capturing this symbol, the people signaled that the king's power was no longer absolute: power should be based on the Nation and be limited by a separation of powers.

What did the storming of the Bastille signify?

• The official start of the French Revolution

• The end of the French Revolution

• The beginning of the monarchy

• The end of the monarchy

Answer explanation

The storming of the Bastille is widely regarded as the official start of the French Revolution. This event marked the uprising of the third estate against the monarchy, leading to a series of events that eventually overthrew the French monarchy. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'The official start of the French Revolution'.