Cell Organelles

Which statement is true about all living things?

• They are made of cells

• They are unicellular

• They have a nucleus

• They are prokaryotic

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'They are made of cells'. This is because all living organisms, whether they are unicellular or multicellular, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life and they make up the structure and carry out the functions necessary for life in all living things.

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What is the basic unit of life?

• Atoms

• Molecules

• Cells

• Organs

Answer explanation

The basic unit of life is the cell. Atoms and molecules are the building blocks of cells, but they themselves are not living. Organs are made up of groups of cells working together. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Cells'.

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Which type of cells are unicellular?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

• Animal cells

• Plant cells

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, meaning they consist of a single cell. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which are multicellular and found in complex organisms like animals and plants, prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller. They are typically found in bacteria and archaea. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Prokaryotic'.

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Which type of cells have a nucleus? (select all that apply)

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

• Animal cells

• Plant cells

Answer explanation

Eukaryotic, animal, and plant cells all have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not have a nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. It is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells, which include animal and plant cells.

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Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Answer explanation

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells. This means that within eukaryotic cells, there are various compartments, each with their specific function, separated by membranes. These include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and others. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Eukaryotic'.

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

• Controls what goes in and out of the cell

• Gives the cell shape

• Contains genetic material

• Makes proteins

Answer explanation

The cell membrane's primary function is to control what goes in and out of the cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain substances to pass through while preventing others. This helps maintain the cell's internal environment and enables it to function properly. The other options, such as giving the cell shape, containing genetic material, and making proteins, are not the main functions of the cell membrane.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Golgi apparatus

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

The organelle responsible for making proteins is the ribosome. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are the site of protein synthesis. They read the mRNA sequence and translate it into amino acids, which are then assembled into proteins. The other options, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria, have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in protein synthesis.

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Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Golgi apparatus

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for cellular respiration. They are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell, as they generate ATP, the cell's primary energy source. The other options, nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus, have different functions within the cell and are not involved in cellular respiration.

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Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth. This process occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle found in plant cells. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light and drives the photosynthetic process. Other organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria have different functions and are not responsible for photosynthesis.

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What is the function of the nucleus?

• Control cell division

• Generate energy for the cell

• Store and protect DNA

• Produce proteins

Answer explanation

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, often referred to as the 'brain' of the cell. However, its primary function is not to control cell division or produce proteins, nor to generate energy for the cell. Instead, the nucleus is responsible for storing and protecting the cell's DNA, which contains the instructions for all of the cell's functions. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the nucleus stores and protects DNA.

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