Module 1

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

• introspection

• psychoanalysis

• client-centered therapy

• behaviorism

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

• The manipulation human behavior to the betterment of society

• Studying the function of behavior in the world

• To interpret dreams for their unconscious messages

• Examining the structure and characteristics of the mind

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

• Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

• Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

• Classical conditioning of non-human animals

• Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

• genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior

• emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses

• stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain

• the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

• studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

• studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests

• studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious

• studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

• biopsychologist

• developmental psychologist

• social psychologist

• humanist

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

• cognitive

• developmental

• social

• personality

A systems approach includes all of the following except:

• the environment

• the machine/device

• the sample size

• the operator

This is a consequence of a system failure.

• increased productivity

• injury or death

• increased profit

• good publicity

When we change the physical equipment that a human works with, this is considered a(n) __________ design approach.

• task

• environmental

• equipment

• selection