Chapter 9 Transforming the Economy

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

• To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states

• To connect the manufacturing cities in the South

• To provide a route for settlement of territory on the West coast

• To connect midwestern settlers’ communities with each other

Which of the following factors explained the rapid growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans?

• Proximity to abundant coal supplies

• Their role in transportation networks

• Proximity to major American banks

• Their location on the fall line

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

• The Market Revolution

• The Technological Revolution

• The Economic Revolution

• The Consumer Revolution

Which of the following was one of the ways that wageworkers strove to resist their bosses’ efforts to control their nonwork lives in the early to mid-nineteenth century?

• Workers came to work late, left early, and dragged out their lunch and coffee breaks.

• They built a robust workers’ culture that preserved their autonomy outside work.

• They defined themselves as artisans who deserved the same treatment as their employers.

• With their wives, they organized protests against bosses’ rules.

Which American principle played a critical role in advancing technology in the early days of the American Industrial Revolution?

• American ingenuity

• Separation of church and state

• Republican motherhood

• Democracy

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?

• Despite their efforts, the Waltham factory owners could not compete with their English rivals.

• The plan created the world’s first comprehensive textile factory.

• Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories.

• Waltham factory owners received one of 1,000 patents offered for new inventions.

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

• Covenant thinking

• Predestination

• The Protestant work ethic

• Creation of a society based on faith and ideals

The following questions refer to the following excerpt.

“The Erie Canal . . . brought together people who might otherwise have preferred to remain apart, such as churchgoing . . . New England[ers], and rowdier, hard drinking . . . workers who didn’t much care for . . . the moral conventions of their employers. It . . . brought . . . new books, newspapers, and magazines to affluent families . . . and inspired them to replicate the . . . genteel respectability they found there. It loosened apprentices and journeymen from their masters, but it did not erase the masters’ . . . conviction that they were responsible for the conduct of their workers. . . . It fostered a belief among propertied families that . . . the world could be improved, that wicked people could become good, and that good people could become perfect.”

— Harry L. Watson, historian, Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay: Democracy and Development in Antebellum America, 1998

Which of the following developments most directly resulted from the changes Watson details in the excerpt?

• The transportation revolution

• The American System

• Artisan republicanism

• The Benevolent Empire

Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography, published in full in 1818?

• The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy

• The lesson that men’s hard work was a waste of effort and accomplished nothing

• His personal belief that men from the lower classes could not raise themselves from poverty

• His belief that only the display of wealth through clothing and housing mattered

Which inventor is properly matched with the item he invented?

• John Deere—the steel plow

• Samuel Colt—interchangeable parts

• Eli Whitney—the reaper

• Cyrus McCormick—the Clermont