Cell Compartmentalization, Endosymbiosis and Infolding

What is the origin of endosymbiosis on the ancient Earth?

• Larger prokaryotic cell engulfing a smaller prokaryotic cell

• Eukaryotic cell engulfing another eukaryotic cell

• Prokaryotic cell engulfing a eukaryotic cell

• Eukaryotic cell engulfing a prokaryotic cell

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What are some pieces of evidence for the endosymbiotic theory found in chloroplasts and mitochondria?

• Presence of double membranes, similarity of DNA to bacterial DNA, ability to replicate independently

• Presence of triple membranes, similarity of DNA to human DNA, ability to replicate dependently

• Absence of membranes, absence of DNA, inability to replicate independently

• Presence of single membranes, dissimilarity of DNA to bacterial DNA, inability to replicate independently

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How does endosymbiosis occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Endosymbiosis occurs when one organism lives inside another and both benefit from the relationship.

• Endosymbiosis occurs when one organism lives inside another and only one organism benefits from the relationship.

• Endosymbiosis occurs when one organism lives outside another and both benefit from the relationship.

• Endosymbiosis occurs when one organism lives inside another and only the host organism benefits from the relationship.

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What is infolding in the cell membrane?

• Process of the cell membrane breaking apart and disintegrating.

• Process of the cell membrane remaining flat and not undergoing any folding.

• Process of the cell membrane folding inward to form folds.

• Process of the cell membrane folding outward to form protrusions.

What is the significance of infolding in cells?

• Increases surface area for cellular processes and eventually led to the evolution of organelles.

• Allows for more efficient cellular communication

• Helps cells maintain their shape

• Provides protection against external threats

Which two organelles in eukaryotic cells are most likely the result of endosymbiosis?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts

• Vacuoles and endoplasmic reticulum

• Ribosomes and lysosomes

• Nucleus and Golgi apparatus

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What are the main structural and functional benefits of cell compartmentalization? (Select ALL correct answers.)

• increased surface area for more nutrient and wasted exchange

• decreased surface area for greater mobility

• membrane separated microenvironments for specialized biochemical reactions

• specialization of compartments leads to increased overall cell efficiency

How does infolding in the cell membrane contribute to cellular functions?

• Infolding in the cell membrane has no effect on surface area.

• Infolding in the cell membrane decreases surface area.

• Infolding in the cell membrane decreases cellular functions.

• Infolding in the cell membrane increases surface area.

Which TWO types of cell transport are similar to the process of infolding that eventually led to organelles in eukaryotic cells.

• facilitated diffusion

• endocytosis

• exocytosis

• simple diffusion

"Endosymbiosis" means

• Two organisms living side by side cooperatively

• One organism living inside of another cooperatively

• Two organisms trying to eat the same food

• Two organisms trying to eat each other

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2.11 Origins of Compartmentalization