Review for the Unit #2 Examination

 . . What has poor Ireland done, mother, — 

What has poor Ireland done, 

That the world looks on, and sees us starve, 

Perishing one by one? 

Do the men of England care not, mother, — 

The great men and the high, — 

For the suffering sons of Erin’s isle, 

Whether they live or die? . . .

— A. M. Edmond, 

“Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother”

Which event is most closely associated with the conditions described in these lyrics?

• civil war

• famine

• the Glorious Revolution

• Independence from Great Britain

… “I started from Cork (Ireland), by the mail [coach] (says our informant), for Skibbereen and saw little until we came to Clonakilty, where the coach stopped for breakfast; and here, for the first time, the horrors of the poverty became visible, in the vast number of famished poor, who flocked around the coach to beg alms: amongst them was a woman carrying in her arms the corpse of a fine child, and making the most distressing appeal to the passengers for aid to enable her to purchase a coffin and bury her dear little baby. This horrible spectacle induced me to make some inquiry about her, when I learned from the people of the hotel that each day brings dozens of such applicants in the town….”

What is the most likely purpose of this document?

• to highlight the benefits of free market

• to record the negative effects of child labor

• to minimize the impacts of agricultural innovations

• to inspire social and political reform

Rudyard Kipling was a British short-story writer, poet and novelist. Considered one of the most popular writers in Britain during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kipling eventually won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Kipling was born in Bombay, India in 1865. During this time India was under British control and many young British families lived in colonies like India. His poem, White Man’s Burden was published in a popular American magazine. 

The White Man’s Burden.

Take up the White Man’s burden— 

Send forth the best ye breed— 

Go, bind your sons to exile 

To serve your captives’ need;

To wait, in heavy harness, 

On fluttered folk and wild— 

Your new-caught sullen peoples, 

Half-devil and half-child. . . .”

— Rudyard Kipling, 1899

The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justify ___.

• feudalism

• imperialism

• industrialism

• fascism

Many of the political divisions shown on this map were directly related to the __.

• Opium Wars

• Sepoy Rebellion

• Meiji Restoration

• Berlin Conference

  (a.k.a., "The Scramble for Africa")

Which claim is best supported by the evidence included in this map?

• In 1913, European countries controlled most of the territory in Africa.

• In 1913, European countries controlled all of the territory in Africa.

• By 1913, European countries built extensive railroad systems in sub-Saharan Africa.

• In 1913, European countries ruled territory in Africa with the consent of the Africans who lived there.

" . . .As late as the 1870s, only 10% of the continent was under direct European control, with Algeria held by France, the Cape Colony and Natal (both in modern South Africa) by Britain, and Angola by Portugal. And yet by 1900, European nations had added almost 10 million square miles of Africa—one-fifth of the land mass of the globe—to their overseas colonial possessions. Europeans ruled more than 90% of the African continent. . . . "

— Saul David, “Slavery and the ‘Scramble for Africa,’ ” British Broadcasting Company, British History in depth

Which of the these is considered a cause of the situation described in the passage?

• European desire for raw materials and technological and medical advances

• African desire to create new markets for manufactured goods

• The end of Apartheid in South Africa

• The Meiji Restoration

Which event was most likely the result of the action being taken in this cartoon?

•   African and European states engaged in equal trade agreements.

• African people resented the presence of European powers on their land.

• Europeans helped establish democratic governments in African countries.

• The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain.

An Excerpt from the Treaty of Nanjing:

ARTICLE III.

"It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships, when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes [gives] to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity [forever] by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct."

Based on the excerpt above, what did the British gain as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing?

• Unlimited coal resources

• An island to use as a port

• Control of all of Japan

• The right to make the Queen of Great Britain the Empress of China

An Excerpt from the Treaty of Nanjing

ARTICLE III. 

"It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships, when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes [gives] to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity [forever] by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct."

What historical event led to the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing?

• French Revolution

• Boer War

• Opium Wars

• World War I

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) was a politician who fought for Indian independence from Great Britain and became the country’s first prime minister.

". . . The Chief business of the East India Company in its early period, the very object for which it was started, was to carry Indian manufactured goods—textiles, etc., as well as spices and the like—from the East to Europe, where there was a great demand for these articles. With the developments in industrial techniques in England a new class of industrial capitalists rose there demanding a change in this policy. The British market was to be closed to Indian products and the Indian market opened to British manufactures. The British parliament, influenced by this new class, began to take a greater interest in India and the working of the East India Company. To begin with, Indian goods were excluded from Britain by legislation, and as the company held a monopoly in the Indian export business, this exclusion influenced other foreign markets also. This was followed by vigorous attempts to restrict and crush Indian manufactures by various measures and internal duties which prevented the flow of Indian goods within the country itself. British goods meanwhile had free entry. The Indian textile industry collapsed, affecting vast numbers of weavers and artisans. The process was rapid in Bengal and Bihar; elsewhere it spread gradually with the expansion of British rule and the building of railways. It continued throughout the nineteenth century, breaking up other old industries also, shipbuilding, metalwork, glass, paper, and many crafts. . . ."

Based on this excerpt, which statement best describes the author’s point of view?

• British involvement in India benefited Indian manufactures.

• The East India Company’s goal was to enrich India’s economy.

• British policies destroyed Indian businesses by restricting who they could sell to.

• The British helped create a new class of wealthy Indians.