Indian Philosophers and Bhakti Movement

Who was an advocate of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and the Supreme God?

• Ramanuja

• Basavanna

• Shankara

• Allama Prabhu

According to Shankara, what did he consider the world around us to be?

• An illusion or maya

• A divine creation

• A physical reality

• A manifestation of Vishnu

Who believed that the best means of attaining salvation was through intense devotion to Vishnu?

• Shankara

• Basavanna

• Ramanuja

• Akkamahadevi

What doctrine did Ramanuja propound?

• Advaita

• Vishishtadvaita

• Virashaivism

• Alvars

Which movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century?

• Virashaiva movement

• Tamil bhakti movement

• Advaita movement

• Alvars movement

What did the Virashaivas argue strongly for?

• Equality of all human beings

• Brahmanical ideas about caste

• Idol worship

• All forms of ritual

Who were the companions of Basavanna in the Virashaiva movement?

• Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi

• Ramanuja and Shankara

• Alvars and Vishnu

• Shankara and Basavanna

What did Shankara teach about Brahman, the Ultimate Reality?

• Brahman is formless and without any attributes

• Brahman is a physical entity

• Brahman is a manifestation of Vishnu

• Brahman is an illusion or maya

What did the Alvars deeply influence?

• Tamil bhakti movement

• Virashaiva movement

• Advaita movement

• Vishishtadvaita movement

What did the Virashaiva movement oppose?

• Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women

• Equality of all human beings

• All forms of ritual and idol worship

• The doctrine of Vishishtadvaita