Cognitive Biases and Critical Thinking

What is the purpose of cognitive biases?

• To make our brains more efficient

• To provide accurate information

• To avoid making irrational decisions

• To eliminate biased thinking

Which bias refers to our tendency to look for information that confirms our existing beliefs?

• Confirmation bias

• Anchoring bias

• In-group bias

• Fundamental attribution error

What is the halo effect?

• Allowing our impression of others in one area to influence our overall impression

• Attributing other people's success to luck

• Believing that others act because of a stable trait, while we act because of a situation

• Perceiving events as more predictable after they happen

What is the sunk cost fallacy?

• Continuing a behavior because of previously invested resources

• Attributing other people's success to luck

• Believing that others act because of a stable trait, while we act because of a situation

• Perceiving events as more predictable after they happen

Which bias refers to our tendency to claim success for successes but not failures?

• Self-serving bias

• Negativity bias

• Attentional bias

• Overconfidence bias

What is the main reason to eliminate cognitive biases?

• To exchange accurate information

• To make irrational decisions

• To harm relationships

• To distort critical thinking

What is the first tip to overcome cognitive biases?

• Be aware

• Consider current factors

• Reflect on the past

• Be curious

What does intellectual humility involve?

• Remaining open to the idea that you might be wrong

• Being curious and asking questions

• Seeking multiple perspectives

• Looking for disconfirming evidence

What is the purpose of seeking multiple perspectives?

• To find potential blind spots

• To avoid cognitive biases

• To make accurate judgments

• To improve critical thinking

What should you do to reduce cognitive biases?

• Acknowledge their existence

• Ignore current factors

• Avoid reflecting on the past

• Avoid seeking multiple perspectives