Living Environment Regents Review Jan 2016

Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both

• contain genetic material

• are single-celled

• lack cell organelles

• carry out autotrophic nutrition

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms?

• ribosome

• chloroplast

• cell membrane

• mitochondrion

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

During gas exchange, the cell membrane of a single-celled organism has the same function as which organ system in humans?

• nervous

• reproductive

• digestive

• respiratory

An ecosystem is self-sustaining as long as organisms have sufficient quantities of energy, oxygen, minerals, and water. When organisms die, some of these materials are recycled back to plants in the ecosystem primarily through the activity of

• predators

• decomposers

• pathogens

• parasites

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which sequence represents structures organized from least complex to most complex?

• nerve cell → nucleus → nervous system → brain

• nucleus → nerve cell → brain → nervous system

• brain → nervous system → nucleus → nerve cell

• nervous system → brain → nerve cell → nucleus

Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?

• protein, oxygen, fat

• protein, starch, fat

• water, carbon dioxide, oxygen

• water, starch, protein

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a special type of organic molecule to perform this cutting process. This molecule is

• a lipid

• a carbohydrate

• an enzyme

• a hormone

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

A finite resource in the environment that keeps a population from steadily increasing is known as

• dynamic equilibrium

• a limiting factor

• a reproductive enzyme

• ecological succession

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Human reproduction usually involves

• internal fertilization and internal development

• external fertilization and external development

• internal fertilization and external development

• external fertilization and internal development

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the

• size of a specific amino acid can vary within a protein

• chemical composition of a specific amino acid can vary

• sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

• same amino acid can have many different properties