Quiz about Wade Unit 2

Question 1

The Archey's frog is a small endangered frog found in the forests off the coast of New Zealand. The frog is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only 5 individuals and every individual today is a descendant of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Archey's frog?

Accepted Answer

Population bottleneck

Answer

Carrying capacity

Answer

Population overshoot

Answer

Type I survivorship

Question 2

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Accepted Answer

Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Answer

Timber and landscape materials

Answer

Mushroom and plant harvests

Answer

Soil stabilization and air purification

Question 3

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2

Answer

Increased ozone thinning because of the release of CFCs

Answer

Decreased acid rain because of the sequestration of SO2

Answer

Deceased evaporation because of the loss of the tree canopy

Question 4

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 8 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 20 kilometers from a continent?

Accepted Answer

There are more species that have the ability to travel 8 kilometers than can travel 20 kilometers.

Answer

Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.

Answer

There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.

Answer

Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

Question 5

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The total number of different plant species

Answer

The total number of individuals of a single animal species

Answer

The density of individuals in a hectare

Answer

The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the frog species' range of tolerance to acidic conditions?

Accepted Answer

The frogs can tolerate a pH between 4.5 and 6.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate any pH greater than 6.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate a pH between 3.5 and 5.

Answer

The frogs can tolerate any pH less than 4.

Question 7

Based on the data in the table, which ecosystem is in the earliest stages of succession?

Accepted Answer

Ecosystem B

Answer

Ecosystem A

Answer

Ecosystem C

Answer

Ecosystem D

Question 8

Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the scenarios that have experienced habitat loss and/or fragmentation in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in the number of specialist species

Answer

Increase in territory size of large mammals

Answer

Increase in genetic diversity of native species

Answer

Decrease in the abundance of invasive species

Question 9

For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?

Accepted Answer

Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.

Answer

Small isolated islands are more likely to receive more migrating species.

Answer

Small isolated islands provide opportunities for a greater diversity of species.

Answer

Because of their size, small isolated islands accumulate more species by chance.

Answer

Because they have fewer available niches, small isolated islands are targeted and colonized by species.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Answer

Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community.

Answer

A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.

Answer

Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

Answer

After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which will increase genetic diversity.

Answer

Habitat diversity will increase the available niches if the landscape becomes more uniform after a disturbance.

Answer

Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes how the moths adapted to the new environment over time?

Accepted Answer

The moths adapted to the new environment by changes in the genetics of the population.

Answer

The moths adapted to the new environment through isolation.

Answer

The moths adapted to the new environment through primary succession.

Answer

The moths adapted to the new environment by becoming a generalist species.

Question 13

Which of the following best identifies and describes the process that is illustrated in the diagram above?

Accepted Answer

Primary succession, because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock.

Answer

Primary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-intolerant shrubs and grasses

Answer

Secondary succession, because intermediate plant species like grasses and weeds are present

Answer

Secondary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-tolerant trees

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the moss in the transition to stage III in the process

Accepted Answer

It breaks down rock and adds organic nutrients to the soil

Answer

It serves as a soil seed bank in the leaf litter

Answer

It provides shade and reduces surface temperatures

Answer

It provides habitat for birds and mammals

Question 15

In which stage are most species present considered pioneer species?

Accepted Answer

II

Answer

I

Answer

III

Answer

IV

Question 16

Small populations of animals, such as those typically found in islands, are prone to extinction because

Accepted Answer

they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events

Answer

they contain a high degree of genetic variability

Answer

they tend to have more predators

Answer

they are usually generalist species

Question 17

Which of the following illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Accepted Answer

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Answer

Nitrifying bacteria and lightning

Answer

Decomposing plant and animal material

Answer

Nitrates taken up by plant roots

Question 19

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

Accepted Answer

B

Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

E

Question 20

Which environment would most likely be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Answer

E

Question 21

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is

Accepted Answer

the Sun

Answer

nutrients in soil

Answer

nutrients in vegetation

Answer

primary consumers

Answer

producers

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another.

Answer

Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.

Answer

Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body.

Answer

Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases.

Answer

In a reversible process, the entropy of the system is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, the entropy of the system increases.

Question 23

The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Polar ice caps and glaciers

Answer

The atmosphere

Answer

Estuaries

Answer

Lakes

Answer

Rivers and streams

Question 24

In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps?

Accepted Answer

Step 3

Answer

Step 1

Answer

Step 2

Answer

Step 4

Question 25

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called

Accepted Answer

transpiration

Answer

infiltration

Answer

sublimation

Answer

reflection

Answer

percolation

Question 26

Which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals and nutrients that are transported from other soil layers?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 27

A farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which of the following approaches would best help the farmer alleviate the problem?

Accepted Answer

Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

Answer

Fertilizing the area with manure to eliminate the need for inorganic chemical fertilizers

Answer

Amending the soil with clay to increase the water-holding capacity of the soil

Answer

Using contour plowing to decrease soil erosion

Question 28

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Accepted Answer

Stratosphere

Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Mesosphere

Answer

Thermosphere

Question 29

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is the

Accepted Answer

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

Answer

changing distance of Earth from the Sun at different times of the year

Answer

periodic wobbling of Earth on its axis of rotation

Answer

changing relative positions of Earth, its Moon, and the Sun

Answer

periodic changes in solar energy output

Question 30

Based on the graph, which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?

Accepted Answer

Location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer

Both locations are at the same latitude.

Answer

Location 1 is in the Northern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer

Location 1 is in the Southern Hemisphere, and Location 2 is close to the equator.

Question 31

Which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A?

Accepted Answer

The rain shadow effect causes City B to be drier because the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city.

Answer

As air rises up the side of the mountain near City B, the temperature and the relative humidity increase, causing increased precipitation on the other side of the mountain over City A.

Answer

Air that is forced upward on the side of the mountain near City B leads to the formation of stratospheric clouds.

Answer

The urban heat island from City B causes a warmer climate that leads to reduced cloud formation.

Question 32

Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

Accepted Answer

B

Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 33

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 34

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability?

Accepted Answer

Sand

Answer

Clay

Answer

Loam

Answer

Silt

Answer

Humus

Question 35

Which of the following correctly describes the season and length of day at the Tropic of Cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun so it is winter at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is less than twelve hours per day.

Answer

The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, so it is winter at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is approximately twelve hours per day.

Answer

The Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, so it is summer at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is greater than twelve hours per day.

Answer

The Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun so it is summer at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is approximately twelve hours per day.

Question 36

Most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Thermosphere

Answer

Exosphere

Answer

Mesosphere

Answer

Stratosphere

Question 37

The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

E

Question 38

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

Accepted Answer

plate boundaries

Answer

midcontinental hot spots

Answer

faulting

Answer

aquifer depletion

Answer

desertification

Wade Unit 2

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