Digestive and Excretory Study Guide

Which of the following does the human digestive system break down for the body's cells to use for energy, repair, and growth?

• A) carbohydrates and fats only

• B) carbohydrates, fats, and oxygen

• C) carbohydrates and proteins only

• D) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Where does the process of digestion begin?

• A) mouth

• B) esophagus

• C) stomach

• D) small intestine

The kidneys can be compared to the pump or filter for a swimming pool. Why is that?

• A) The kidneys release hormones that maintain the blood's pH levels.

• B) Blood moves through the kidneys where it is cleaned of toxins and dead cells.

• C) Kidneys contain digestive juices that help break down food into smaller particles.

• D) Waste is stored in the kidneys until the body is ready to remove it.

Which statement best describes an example of organization within the excretory system?

• A) Organs in the kidney work with organs in the ureter to filter and move materials.

• B) The kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra are cells with specific roles in the system.

• C) The bladder is an organ composed of muscle tissues that helps eliminate fluid waste.

• D) Specialized cells in the urethra are composed of tissues that work independently of one another.

Which systems are involved in the transport of blood to the kidneys?

• A) Respiratory system

• B) Circulatory system

• C) Nervous system

• D) Muscular system

Which of the following are doctors most likely trying to determine when testing the urine of a person with only one kidney?

• A) that enough nutrients are dissolving in the blood

• B) that enough oxygen is being delivered throughout the body

• C) that enough red blood cells are being replaced in the blood

• D) that enough nitrogenous waste is being removed from the body

What is the main function of the digestive system?

• A) break down large molecules into smaller molecules

• B) create oxygen and carbon dioxide

• C) create minerals and vitamins

• D) absorb nutrients

What happens to a bite of apple as it goes through the digestive system?

• A) Saliva breaks down chemical bonds in the apple pieces.

• B) Teeth cut and grind the apple into smaller pieces.

• C) The chewed food is forced down the throat into the esophagus.

• D) Water is removed from the material, and the remaining waste is eliminated from the body through the rectum.

Which of the following is a function of the excretory system?

• A) break down nutrients like proteins into amino acids

• B) remove metabolic wastes like urea and carbon dioxide

• C) move oxygen around the body

• D) prevent infection

What is the primary digestive function of the structure responsible for mechanical breakdown by chewing and chemical breakdown by saliva?

• A) mechanical mixing and chemical breakdown by enzymes and acid

• B) absorption of water from undigested materials

• C) absorption of nutrients

• D) mechanical breakdown by chewing and chemical breakdown by saliva